Male Equivalent Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Hormonal, Metabolic, and Clinical Aspects.

Recent studies identified the presence of a male polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which mainly affects men whose female relatives are afflicted with PCOS, caused by genes responsible for the susceptibility of this syndrome in women. Similar hormonal, metabolic, and clinical alterations occurring in PCOS women have also been reported in their male relatives, suggesting a association between the male and female forms of the syndrome. Although the remarkable clinical manifestation of the male equivalent PCOS is diagnosed by the early-onset androgenetic alopecia, character-ized by hair recession, pronounced hypertrichosis, insulin resistance, biochemical and hormonal abnormalities, the hormonal/metabolic profile is still controversial.

Intracesarean removal of two huge fibroids occupying the whole uterine fundus: a case report.

Uterine fibroid is an estrogen-dependent mass growing during pregnancy. Caesarean myomectomy (CM) is a controversial procedure. A 35-year-old obese (106 Kg) patient gravida 2 para1 (caesarean section), undergoing caesarean section, had two myomas occupying the whole uterine fundus (104.

Failed diagnostic hysteroscopy: Analysis of 62 cases.

Objective: The aim of the presented study is to improve the office hysteroscopy success rate identifying some of the factors associated to an unsuccessful procedure. Moreover it would highlight the importance of an adequate patients follow up after office hysteroscopy failure enlightening the uterine pathologies missed at the first attempt.

Studydesign: This is a retrospective observational study.

Effects of myo-inositol, gymnemic acid, and L-methylfolate in polycystic ovary syndrome patients.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic disorder, characterized by chronic anovulation/oligomenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, and insulin-resistance. Moreover, some studies propose a possible association between insulin resistance and hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a significant long-term risk for factor for atherogenesis and chronic vascular damage, especially in situations where insulin levels are increased. Insulin-sensitizing agents are used in the treatment of PCOS: in fact, inositols were shown to have insulin-mimetic properties.

Relationship between serum anti-Mullerian hormone and intrafollicular AMH levels in PCOS women.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex disease characterized by various endocrine disorders that are the potential cause of anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Anti-Müllerian hormone expression is suspected to be overexpressed in PCOS granulosa cells. AMH acts as a regulator of folliculogenesis: it is produced by the granulosa cells of follicles from the stage of the primary follicle to the initial formation of the antrum.

[Gynecological and obstetrical management of rheumatic diseases in reproductive age].

The gynecologist's role in the management of rheumatic patients is complex: it includes the prevention of damage caused by drugs, the counseling about contraception to avoid pregnancy while taking teratogen drugs, the scheduling of pregnancy during the quiescent phase of the specific disease, the replacement of teratogen drugs and a competent management of the pregnancy. The task is carried out as part of a multidisciplinary team with a focus on the differential diagnosis between specific complications of pregnancy and the complications of the rheumatic disease. This is the right way to allow a conscious reproduction, with reduced risks and acceptable maternal-fetal outcomes, to this kind of patients considered at high risk.

Low birth-weight is a PCOS risk factor for Southern-Italian women.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic disorder, characterized by chronic anovulation/oligomenorrhea, hyperandrogenism and insulin-resistance. Initial studies on the genetic basis of this disorder suggested both a maternal and paternal pattern of inheritance. Birth weight has become a main factor to consider when investigating the etiology of an adult-onset disease, since it is a simple indicator of intrauterine adverse conditions.

Hydronephrosis and utero-vaginal prolapse in postmenopausal women: management and treatment.

Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse is a multifactorial disease. Aim was to evaluate the effect of the whole surgical correction of pelvic floor on hydronephrosis due to severe prolapse.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective case study on 250 patients presenting with severe uterovaginal prolapse was carried out.

Myo-inositol vs. D-chiro inositol in PCOS treatment.

Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women in fertile age. It is an endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism and insulin-resistance. Various therapeutic approaches have been attempted in PCOS, including diet and the use of pharmacological agents such as oral contraceptives (OCs) or anti-androgens.

Laparoscopic removal of a giant paratubal cyst complicated by hydronephrosis.

Paratubal cysts represent approximately 10% of all adnexal masses. In most cases they are very small, but very few cases are reported in the literature where they exceed 15 cm of diameter. Furthermore, giant paratubal cysts complicated by bilateral hydronephrosis are unique.

[Clinical effects of treatment with phytoestrogens in postmenopausal women].

Aim And Methods: Phytoestrogens are plant substances that have estrogenic properties; they haven't steroid structure but they are heterocyclic phenols and for this reason are similar to 17 β estradiol from the functional and structural point of view; they compete for the same receptor sites of endogenous estrogens, but with an activating capacity a thousand times lower. For this reason, the isoflavones are an alternative to hormone-replacement treatment: they are prescribed to all those women who cannot be treated with HRT for several contraindications, such as thrombosis or breast tumor familiarity. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of soy isoflavones on menopausal symptoms.

The reproduction in women affected by cooley disease.

The health background management and outcomes of 5 pregnancies in 4 women affected by Cooley Disease, from Paediatric Institute of Catania University, are described, considering the preconceptual guidances and cares for such patients. These patients were selected among a group of 100 thalassemic women divided into three subgroups, according to their first and successive menstruation characteristics: i) patients with primitive amenorrhoea, ii) patients with secondary amenorrhoea and iii) patients with normal menstruation. Only one woman, affected by primitive amenorrhoea, needed the induction of ovulation.

[Polycystic ovarian syndrome incidence in young women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease].

Aim: Recently, numerous studies have shown significant correlation between hyperandrogenism and elevated insulin levels in many patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Insuline-Resistance (IR) results in increased circulating levels of this hormone and it is the basis of the metabolic syndrome, characterized by the presence of fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides as macro or micro vesicles, in more than 5% of hepatocytes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of NAFLD in young women with PCOS, who were lean, overweight or obese.

[Clinical effectiveness of N-oleyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (NOPE) in obesity: our experience].

Adjustment and maintenance of body weight are the result of many process combination, that affect both the gastrointestinal system and other mechanisms in the central nervous system. Often a diet modification alone is not sufficient to guarantee significant changes in body weight. For this reason, it sometimes necessary to make other interventions, in order to help an individual to adhere to the diet as much as possible and to achieve the objectives established.

Effects of myo-inositol supplementation on oocyte's quality in PCOS patients: a double blind trial.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common cause of chronic anovulation infertility in women in fertile period, and it's characterized by an increased production of androgens and estrogens. The administration of myo-inositol, a B complex vitamin, was associated with a decreased of serum testosterone and simultaneously, due to its ability to increase insulin sensitivity, women who received myo-inositol showed a great improvement of the ovulary function. Besides, the supplementation of inositol improves the oocytes' quality and increase the number of oocytes collected after ovarian stimulation in patients undergoing IVF (in vitro fertilization).

[Psychic aspects of the premenstrual dysphoric disorders. New therapeutic strategies: our experience with Vitex agnus castus].

Aim: The premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is one of the main problems of the premenstrual phase. It consists of symptoms that sometimes invalidate the scope of employment, social and psycho-affective of patients, requiring thus a diagnostic and therapeutic approach as detailed and accurate as possible. The therapeutic strategies available for this disease are many, but recently the emphasis has been on Vitex agnus castus (VAC), considered by many as evidence drug of choice for both PMS and for the PMDD, being with satisfactory therapeutic properties and small side effects.

[Effects of inositol on oocyte quality in patients affected with polycystic ovary syndrome].

Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common cause of chronic anovulation infertility in women in fertile period. The supplementation of inositol, due to its ability to increase insulin sensitivity, improves the oocytes' quality and increase the number of oocytes collected after ovarian stimulation in patients undergoing IVF (In Vitro Fertilization). The aim of our study is to determine the effects of myo-inositol on oocyte's quality on a sample of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

[Innovative genetic, clinical and endocrinologic aspects in young females affected by premature ovarian insufficiency].

Aim: Heterogeneity premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one of the reasons why there are different causes that contribute in determining this type of hormonal disorder. Although the causes have already been established for many types of premature ovarian failure, are still uncertain causes in most cases of idiopathic forms, despite the description of several candidate genes, including BMP-15 gene. The gene under study is precisely the BMP-15, which is part of the superfamily of Transforming Growth Factors-beta or the TGF-β, which also belong to the growth differentiation factors (GDFs).

Protection of ovarian tissue from radiotherapy.

Advances researches in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood, adolescent and adult cancer have greatly increased the life expectancy of premenopausal women with cancer. However, one of the serious side effects of these treatments is the risk of damage to fertility. The ovaries are very sensitive to cytotoxic and radiotherapeutic treatment.

L-thyroxin treatment and post-menopausal osteoporosis: relevance of the risk profile present in clinical history.

Aim: Nodular thyroid disease and osteoporosis share some common factors such as: 1) elevated frequency in the general population; 2) major prevalence in the female sex; 2) incidence proportional to the age. There is a wide debate in literature regarding the real impact of chronic treatment with L-thyroxin (LT4) on the bone mineral density (BMD), especially in post-menopausal women. The aim of this study was to undertake to evaluate the effects of LT4 administration for the treatment of normo-functioning nodular thyroid disease on the BMD in post-menopausal women after one year of continuative treatment.

Uterine bleeding pattern during low dosage Noretisterone acetate and 17-b-Estradiol treatment in postmenopausal patients.

Background: Recent years have been characterized by progressive optimization of postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy. More physiological therapeutic protocols have been, in fact, proposed to control the possible symptomatology and to prevent the associated risks, with estro-progestinic compounds characterized by lower effective dosages and suitable for the single patient need. However this therapy is not widely accepted by the women from our country for the fears and the inconvenience raised around such side effects as abnormal uterine bleeding and spotting.

Evaluation of bone mass in young amenorrheic women with anorexia nervosa.

Background: In the last 10 years an impressive increase in the frequency of food disorders (bulimia and anorexia) in teenagers has been recorded. Food disorders, present especially in girls, (part of more complex relational-familiar disorders) cause progressive repercussions on the general endocrine structure and in particular on the reproductive system of the subject. The most visible effect of this endocrine perturbation is the block of the ovarian function with secondary amenorrhoea and low levels of gonadotropins and estrogens due to the food disorder.

Role of DEXA and ultrasonometry in the evaluation of osteoporotic risk in postmenopausal women.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to compare the role of quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in the assessment of osteoporosis.

Methods: From June 1999 to November 2001, 596 women who have not been diagnosed osteoporosis and without previous history of pathologic fractures were enrolled in this study. They had a mean age of 58.

Influence of sport and low animal saturated fats intake diet on lipid dismetabolisms in postmenopausal women.

Background: An important aetiopathogenetic factor leading to menopausal age pathologies (such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and so on) is certainly represented by the worsening of lipid dismetabolism. This condition is generally characterized by an increase in total mean cholesterol levels, LDL-cholesterol (low density lipoprotein-cholesterol), VLDL-cholesterol (very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol), triglycerides, with reduction of HDL-cholesterol (high density lipoprotein-cholesterol) mean levels. All these metabolic modifications are triggered or increased by the hypoestrogenemia typical of postmenopausal age.

Evaluation of plasma levels of renin-aldosterone and blood pressure in women over 35 years treated with new oral contraceptives.

Increases in blood pressure and weight are consequences of increased fluid retention following oral contraceptives administration. Hypertension and weight increase are particularly frequent in women over 35 years of age. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and hormonal effects of a new extra-low dose oral contraceptive [15 microg ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 60 microg gestodene (GSD)] on the renin-aldosterone system in a group of women aged 35-39 years treated for 3 months compared with a formulation containing the same hormones at a higher dose.