A cross-sectional study of differences in medication for opioid use disorder receipt among pregnant people enrolled in Medicaid in Oregon, United States.

Background And Aims: Medication is the gold standard to support a healthy pregnancy for pregnant people with opioid use disorder (OUD). This study measured inequities and differences in OUD medication treatment among pregnant people in Oregon, USA.

Design, Setting, Participants And Measurements: Our study population consisted of Medicaid enrollees across the US state of Oregon who had at least one live hospital birth between 2012 and 2020 and one diagnosis of OUD prenatally (n = 4363).

An isothermal calorimetry assay for determining steady state kinetic and Ensitrelvir inhibition parameters for SARS-CoV-2 3CL-protease.

This manuscript details the application of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) to characterize the kinetics of 3CL, the main protease from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and its inhibition by Ensitrelvir, a known non-covalent inhibitor. 3CL is essential for producing the proteins necessary for viral infection, which led to the COVID-19 pandemic. The ITC-based assay provided rapid and reliable measurements of 3CL activity, allowing for the direct derivation of the kinetic enzymatic constants K and k by monitoring the thermal power required to maintain a constant temperature as the substrate is consumed.

The power of lived experience in optimizing US policymakers' engagement with substance use research: A series of rapid-cycle randomized controlled trials.

Background: Research can inform policies on substance use/substance use disorders (SU/SUDs), yet there is limited experimental investigation into strategies for optimizing policymakers' engagement with SU/SUD research. This study tested the use of narratives to boost policymakers' research engagement.

Methods: In five rapid-cycle randomized controlled trials, SU/SUD research fact sheets were emailed to US legislative policymakers.

Hybrid PdCuCoO nano-flakes: a novel, efficient and reusable catalyst for the one-pot heck and Suzuki couplings with simultaneous transesterification reactions under microwave irradiation.

We report the fabrication of a novel spinel-type Pd₀.₁Cu₀.₉Co₂O₄ nano-flake material designed for Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki coupling-cum-transesterification reactions.

Colocation of COVID-19 Vaccination Services at Syringe Service Programs for People Who Inject Drugs and People Experiencing Houselessness in Oregon.

Objectives: Integrating vaccination services with other essential health services could increase vaccination rates among socially marginalized populations. We examined the associations between colocation of vaccines at syringe service programs and COVID-19 vaccination status among people who inject drugs and people experiencing houselessness.

Methods: This study included 1891 participants aged ≥18 years at 9 sites in Oregon from July 2021 through March 2022.

Bitemark analysis comparing the use of digital scans and 3D resin casts.

Although dental patterns are unique, the use of bitemark analysis in personal identification remains controversial. To accurately reproduce and compare three-dimensional models of bitemarks and dental arches, intraoral three-dimensional scans, commonly utilized in clinical dental practice for precise and stable digital impressions, are recommended. This study aims to compare two different techniques for bitemark analysis: a digital method based on the superimposition of digital scans of dental patterns and lesions, and a visual method based on the physical superimposition of impressions and resin casts produced by 3D printing.

Community Partner Perceptions of Equitable Implementation Practices for a Intervention: A Qualitative Assessment.

We conducted focus groups with staff from 5 community-based organizations (21 participants; 86% female, 52% Hispanic/Latino/a/x and 24% Mexican/Mexican American) between August and October 2021. Results highlighted community partner perceptions of practices congruent (e.g.

A Translational Case Study of a Multisite COVID-19 Public Health Intervention Across Sequenced Research Trials: Embedding Implementation in a Community Engagement Phased Framework.

Through a COVID-19 public health intervention implemented across sequenced research trials, we present a community engagement phased framework that embeds intervention implementation: (1) consultation and preparation, (2) collaboration and implementation, and (3) partnership and sustainment. Intervention effects included mitigation of psychological distress and a 0.28 increase in the Latinx population tested for SARS-CoV-2.

Adolescent child custody loss and substance use treatment as predictors of young adult substance use trajectories among females with foster care and juvenile justice involvement.

This study aimed to identify trajectories of substance use from adolescence to young adulthood among 166 females with dual child welfare and juvenile justice system involvement, and to explore the influence of adolescent child custody status and substance use treatment on substance use trajectories. Results identified four substance use trajectory groups (stable moderate substance use, decreasing substance use, increasing substance use, stable high substance use). Custody loss during adolescence predicted membership in the stable high substance use trajectory group (log odds estimate = 2.

An isothermal calorimetry assay for determining steady state kinetic and enzyme inhibition parameters for SARS-CoV-2 3CL-protease.

This manuscript describes the application of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) to characterize the kinetics of 3CL from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its inhibition by Ensitrelvir, a known non-covalent inhibitor. 3CL is the main protease that plays a crucial role of producing the whole array of proteins necessary for the viral infection that caused the spread of COVID-19, responsible for millions of deaths worldwide as well as global economic and healthcare crises in recent years. The proposed calorimetric method proved to have several advantages over the two types of enzymatic assays so far applied to this system, namely Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS).

The efficacy of the analgesic GlyT2 inhibitor, ORG25543, is determined by two connected allosteric sites.

Glycine Transporter 2 (GlyT2) inhibitors have shown considerable potential as analgesics for the treatment of neuropathic pain but also display considerable side effects. One potential source of side effects is irreversible inhibition. In this study, we have characterized the mechanism of ORG25543 inhibition of GlyT2 by first considering three potential ligand binding sites on GlyT2-the substrate site, the vestibule allosteric site and the lipid allosteric site.

Perspectives of researchers with lived experience in implementation science research: Opportunities to close the research-to-practice gap in substance use systems of care.

Background: The field of implementation science acknowledges the importance of diversity within research teams including members from diverse disciplines and with lived expertise in practical implementation (e.g., administrators, front-line workers, patients/clients).

A randomized controlled trial to improve fathering among fathers with substance use disorders: Fathering in recovery intervention.

In early recovery for substance use disorders (SUDs), fathers may experience a desire to become more active in their role as a parent but may need support in using effective parenting strategies. Parent management training programs may be effective for fathers in recovery from SUD as they have been shown to improve parenting knowledge, self-efficacy, parenting practices, and child behavior, as well as decrease parent substance use. Using the Parent Management Training-Oregon model, we adapted a video-based program for text delivery to fathers in their first year of recovery from SUD, the fathering in recovery (FIR) intervention.

Vaccine decision making among people who inject drugs: Improving on the WHO's 3C model of vaccine hesitancy.

The objectives of this study were to 1) identify vaccination rates among PWID in Oregon at a time when vaccines were easily accessible, 2) quantitatively identify convergence with demographic correlates of vaccination willingness and uptake to promote generalizability, and 3) explore the factors PWID were considering when deciding whether or not to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. We conducted a mixed-methods study design including 260 quantitative surveys and 41 in-depth qualitative interviews with PWID, conducted July - September 2021 at syringe services programs in Lane County, Oregon. Among the 260 survey respondents, 37.

Human microbiome variation associated with race and ethnicity emerges as early as 3 months of age.

Human microbiome variation is linked to the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of many diseases and associates with race and ethnicity in the United States. However, the age at which microbiome variability emerges between these groups remains a central gap in knowledge. Here, we identify that gut microbiome variation associated with race and ethnicity arises after 3 months of age and persists through childhood.

Prenatal depression and risk of child autism-related traits among participants in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program.

This study evaluated the association between prenatal depression and offspring autism-related traits. The sample comprised 33 prenatal/pediatric cohorts participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program who contributed information on prenatal depression and autism-related traits. Autism-related traits were assessed continuously and at the diagnostic cut-off using the Social Responsiveness Scale for children up to 12 years of age.

Novel Phenylene Lipids That Are Positive Allosteric Modulators of Glycine Receptors and Inhibitors of Glycine Transporter 2.

Chronic pain is a complex condition that remains resistant to current therapeutics. We previously synthesized a series of -acyl amino acids (NAAAs) that inhibit the glycine transporter, GlyT2, some of which are also positive allosteric modulators of glycine receptors (GlyRs). In this study, we have synthesized a library of NAAAs that contain a phenylene ring within the acyl tail with the objective of improving efficacy at both GlyT2 and GlyRs and also identifying compounds that are efficacious as dual-acting modulators to enhance glycine neurotransmission.

Addressing stigma within the dissemination of research products to improve quality of care for pregnant and parenting people affected by substance use disorder.

Substance use disorders are a common and treatable condition among pregnant and parenting people. Social, self, and structural stigma experienced by this group represent a barrier to harm reduction, treatment utilization, and quality of care. We examine features of research dissemination that may generate or uphold stigmatization at every level for pregnant and parenting individuals affected by substance use disorder and their children.

Perinatal Outcomes during versus Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Maternal Depression and Perceived Stress: A Report from the ECHO Program.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on perinatal outcomes while accounting for maternal depression or perceived stress and to describe COVID-specific stressors, including changes in prenatal care, across specific time periods of the pandemic.

Study Design: Data of dyads from 41 cohorts from the National Institutes of Health Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program ( = 2,983) were used to compare birth outcomes before and during the pandemic ( = 2,355), and a partially overlapping sample ( = 1,490) responded to a COVID-19 questionnaire. Psychosocial stress was defined using prenatal screening for depression and perceived stress.

Client Characteristics Associated with Desire for Additional Services at Syringe Exchange Programs.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between client characteristics and desired services offered at syringe exchange program (SEP) sites among women who inject drugs (WWID). We investigated whether a desire for additional services varied as a function of these client characteristics.

Methods: A sample of 69 women who were syringe exchange clients participated in a survey about adding services to syringe exchange programs.

Reaching Latinx Communities with Algorithmic Optimization for SARS-CoV-2 Testing Locations.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected communities of color, including Latinx communities. Oregon Saludable: Juntos Podemos (OSJP) is a randomized clinical trial aimed at reducing this disparity by both increasing access to testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, for Oregon Latinx community members and studying the effectiveness of health and behavioral health interventions on turnout and health outcomes. OSJP established SARS-CoV-2 testing events at sites across Oregon.

Effects of a Health Education Intervention for COVID-19 Prevention in Latinx Communities: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

To promote COVID-19 preventive attitudes and behaviors among Latinx individuals, researchers and community partners implemented a culturally tailored health education intervention across 12 Oregon counties from February 2021 through April 2022. We did not identify any significant intervention effects on preventive attitudes and behaviors but did observe significant decreases in psychological distress. Although Latinx individuals' preventive attitudes and behaviors were not associated with the health education intervention, findings suggest the intervention has value in promoting their well-being (ClinicalTrials.