Alexander's Law During High-Speed, Yaw-Axis Rotation: Adaptation or Saturation?

Alexander's law (AL) states the intensity of nystagmus increases when gaze is toward the direction of the quick phase. What might be its cause? A gaze-holding neural integrator (NI) that becomes imperfect as the result of an adaptive process, or saturation in the discharge of neurons in the vestibular nuclei? We induced nystagmus in normal subjects using a rapid chair acceleration around the yaw (vertical) axis to a constant velocity of 200°/second [s] and then, 90 s later, a sudden stop to induce post-rotatory nystagmus (PRN). Subjects alternated gaze every 2 s between flashing LEDs (right/left or up/down).

Relevance of Intraparotid Metastases in Head and Neck Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives: Parotid lymph node metastases are common in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCCHN). Here we evaluate the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of intraglandular lymph node (IGLN) metastases in cSCCHN.

Study Design: Retrospective study in a tertiary referral university cancer institute.

Warthin's tumor of the larynx: a very rare case and systematic review of the literature.

Background: Warthin's tumor or cystadenolymphoma (CAL) is a benign salivary gland tumor occurring almost exclusively in the parotid gland. CALs of other locations are rare.

Case Presentation: We report a laryngeal CAL detected in a positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) performed for breast cancer follow-up.

Implications of intraglandular lymph node metastases in primary carcinomas of the parotid gland.

Objectives/hypothesis: Assess the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of intraglandular lymph node (IGLN) metastases in primary parotid gland carcinomas (PGCs).

Study Design: Retrospective study at a tertiary referral university hospital.

Methods: We reviewed the records of 95 patients with primary PGCs, treated at least surgically, between 1997 and 2010.

Neurotologic and functional MRI findings in a patient with bilateral profound deafness having Brown-Vialetto-Van Leare syndrome.

Introduction: We report the first findings of functional magnetic resonance imaging of the auditory cortex in a young woman with a bilateral cochleovestibular deficit as first manifestation of Brown-Vialetto-Van Leare syndrome. The patient had no open speech discrimination, even with hearing aids, and is depending on lip reading for communication.

Methods: To evaluate the possible efficiency of a cochlear implantation, we investigated hemodynamic responses within the central auditory pathways using an auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm.

Paroxysmal tonic upgaze in normal children: a case series and a review of the literature.

The purpose of this review was to update the clinical characteristics of paroxysmal tonic upgaze in neurodevelopmentally normal children. We made the diagnosis (between 2008 and 2010) in 8 infants referred to us with suspected epilepsy. We found 38 further cases in the literature.