Cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of viscosupplementation with hylan G-F 20 for knee and hip osteoarthritis.

Purpose: To estimate the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of viscosupplementation with one intra-articular (IA) injection of 6 mL hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc-One) and with three injections of 2 mL hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc3×2) in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients compared with conventional support therapy (CST - eg, NSAIDs and acetaminophen) and the cost-effectiveness of one IA injection of 2 mL hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc1×2) in hip OA patients compared with CST from an Italian Health System perspective.

Methods: The model used was a Markov model with states for stages II-IV on the Kellgren-Lawrence scale and runs on 6-month cycles over a 5-year time horizon. A 3.

Relevance to investigate different stages of pregnancy to highlight toxic effects of nanoparticles: The example of silica.

Amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiONPs) have been recognized as safe nanomaterial, hence their use in biomedical applications has been explored. Data, however, suggest potential toxicity of SiO NPs in pregnant individuals. However, no studies relating nanoparticle biokinetic/toxicity to the different gestational stages are currently available.