Combined exercise-induced modulation of Notch pathway and muscle quality in senescence-accelerated mice.

The Notch signaling pathway is crucial for skeletal muscle development, regeneration, inflammation, and aging. This study investigated the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the Notch pathway in C2C12 cells, as well as explored the effects of combined endurance and resistance exercise on the Notch and autophagy pathways in the skeletal muscle of senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 Sedentary (SAMR1 CT), SAMR1 exercised (SAMR1 EX), senescence-accelerated prone mouse 8 Sedentary (SAMP8 CT), and SAMP8 exercised (SAMP8 EX). C2C12 myoblasts were transfected with siIL-10.

Interactions of the emerging fungus with reveal phenotypic changes with direct implications on the response to stress and virulence.

Unlabelled: is an emerging fungal pathogen notable for its resistance to multiple antifungals and ability to survive in various environments. Understanding the interactions between and environmental protozoa, such as could provide insights into fungal adaptability and pathogenicity. Two isolates (MMC1 and MMC2) were co-cultured with to examine interaction dynamics, survival, stress responses, growth, virulence, biofilm formation, and antifungal susceptibility.

Short-term exercise counteracts accelerated ageing impacts on physical performance and liver health in mice.

Senescence impairs liver physiology, mitochondrial function and circadian regulation, resulting in systemic metabolic dysregulation. Given the limited research on the effects of combined exercise on an ageing liver, this study aimed to evaluate its impact on liver metabolism, circadian rhythms and mitochondrial function in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) and senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. Histological, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblotting analyses were conducted, supplemented by transcriptomic data sets and AML12 hepatocyte studies.

The Effects of High-Fat Diet and Flaxseed Oil-Enriched Diet on the Lung Parenchyma of Obese Mice.

Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are widely investigated for their anti-inflammatory potential, however, there is little evidence regarding their action in the lung parenchyma in the context of obesity. The objective is to investigate the effects of flaxseed oil (FS), rich in α-linolenic (C18:3 - ω3), on the lungs of obese mice. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks to induce obesity.

Brain Perception of Different Oils on Appetite Regulation: An Anorectic Gene Expression Pattern in the Hypothalamus Dependent on the Vagus Nerve.

(1) Background: We examined the effect of the acute administration of olive oil (EVOO), linseed oil (GLO), soybean oil (SO), and palm oil (PO) on gastric motility and appetite in rats. (2) Methods: We assessed food intake, gastric retention (GR), and gene expression in all groups. (3) Results: Both EVOO and GLO were found to enhance the rate of stomach retention, leading to a decrease in hunger.

The role of interleukin-10 in mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress in aged mice through exercise.

Although unfolded protein response (UPR) is essential for cellular protection, its prolonged activation may induce apoptosis, compromising cellular longevity. The aging process increases the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in skeletal muscle. However, whether combined exercise can prevent age-induced ER stress in skeletal muscle remains unknown.

Intermittent fasting and high-intensity interval training do not alter gut microbiota composition in adult women with obesity.

Obesity is advancing at an accelerated pace, and yet its treatment is still an emerging field. Although studies have demonstrated the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity, this is the first study to show the effects of intermittent fasting (IF), combined or not with exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the gut microbiota composition in women with obesity. Our hypothesis is that IF combined with HIIT can promote the remodeling of the composition and function of the gut microbiota.

Tissue-specific roles of mitochondrial unfolded protein response during obesity.

Obesity is a worldwide multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism, increasing adiposity, weight gain, and promoting related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Recent findings have reported that metabolic stress related to obesity induces a mitochondrial stress response called mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR), a quality control pathway that occurs in a nuclear DNA-mitochondria crosstalk, causing transduction of chaperones and proteases under stress conditions. The duality of UPR signaling, with both beneficial and detrimental effects, acts in different contexts depending on the tissue, cell type, and physiological states, affecting the mitochondrial function and efficiency and the metabolism homeostasis during obesity, which remains not fully clarified.

Rho-Kinase Is Differentially Expressed in the Adipose Tissue of Rodent and Human in Response to Aging, Sex, and Acute Exercise.

White adipose tissue (WAT) controls energy storage, expenditure, and endocrine function. Rho-kinase (ROCK) is related to impaired thermogenesis, downregulation of preadipocyte differentiation, and adipokine production. Furthermore, WAT ROCK responds to metabolic stress from high-fat diets or diabetes.

Physical exercise elicits UPR in the skeletal muscle: The role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.

Objective: The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive cellular response to stress to ensure mitochondrial proteostasis and function. Here we explore the capacity of physical exercise to induce UPR in the skeletal muscle.

Methods: Therefore, we combined mouse models of exercise (swimming and treadmill running), pharmacological intervention, and bioinformatics analyses.

Short-term strength exercise reduces the macrophage M1/M2 ratio in white adipose tissue of obese animals.

Obesity can exacerbate the systemic inflammatory process, leading to increased infiltration of monocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) and polarization of these cells into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, while reducing the population of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Aerobic exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing the pro-inflammatory profile. However, the impact of strength training and the duration of training on macrophage polarization in the WAT of obese individuals have not been widely studied.

The early impact of diets enriched with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on intestinal inflammation and tight junctions.

The gut has been suggested as the first organ to be affected by unbalanced diets contributing to the obesogenic process. This study aimed to test a short time-course exposition model to a known pro- or anti-inflammatory enriched fatty diet to understand the early gut alterations. Male mice were exposed to the chow diet (CT), high-fat (HF) diet, or a high-fat diet partially replaced on flaxseed oil (FS), rich in omega-3 (ω3), for 14 days.

Position statement on nutrition therapy for overweight and obesity: nutrition department of the Brazilian association for the study of obesity and metabolic syndrome (ABESO-2022).

Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from multifactorial causes mainly related to lifestyle (sedentary lifestyle, inadequate eating habits) and to other conditions such as genetic, hereditary, psychological, cultural, and ethnic factors. The weight loss process is slow and complex, and involves lifestyle changes with an emphasis on nutritional therapy, physical activity practice, psychological interventions, and pharmacological or surgical treatment. Because the management of obesity is a long-term process, it is essential that the nutritional treatment contributes to the maintenance of the individual's global health.

Hematological Changes in Gas Station Workers.

(1) Background: Benzene, toluene, and xylene isomers (BTX) are present in gasoline. Exposure to benzene may lead to the appearance of a series of signs, symptoms, and complications, which are characterized by benzene poisoning, which is an occupational disease. This study evaluated the presence of signs and symptoms related to occupational exposure and whether occupational exposure to BTX is associated with the development of hematological changes.

Intermittent fasting combined with exercise training reduces body mass and alleviates hypothalamic disorders induced by high-fat diet intake.

High-fat diet consumption causes hypothalamic inflammation, dysregulating the leptin pathway, which, in turn, compromises the modulation of hypothalamic neuronal activities and predisposes obesity development. Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training (ET) have been demonstrated as efficient interventions to modulate hypothalamic inflammation and neuronal activity. However, no studies have evaluated whether combining these interventions could induce better results in reestablishing hypothalamic homeostasis disrupted by high-fat diet intake.

Effects of short-term endurance and strength exercise in the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle in hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic Slc2a4 mice.

Objective: Intriguingly, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia can predispose insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, leading to metabolic disturbances. Conversely, physical exercise stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake, improving whole-body glucose homeostasis. Therefore, we investigated the impact of short-term physical activity in a mouse model (Slc2a4) that spontaneously develops hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia even when fed on a chow diet.

Short-chain fatty acids are associated with adiposity, energy and glucose homeostasis among different metabolic phenotypes in the Nutritionists' Health Study.

Background And Aims: The gut microbiome is associated with obesity, mainly mediated by bacteria-produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). It is unknown how SCFA concentrations are associated with the phenotypes metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy obese/overweight (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese/overweight (MUO). We compared plasma and fecal SCFA concentrations among adult women categorized according to the metabolic phenotypes mentioned above and examined associations between SCFA and adiposity and components of energy and glucose homeostasis.

The dual and emerging role of physical exercise-induced TFEB activation in the protection against Alzheimer's disease.

The mechanisms of autophagy have been related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis by the endosomal-lysosomal system, having a critical function in forming amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms mediating disease pathogenesis remain unclear. The transcription factor EB (TFEB), a primary transcriptional autophagy regulator, improves gene expression, mediating lysosome function, autophagic flux, and autophagosome biogenesis.

Exercise training restores weight gain and attenuates hepatic inflammation in a rat model of non-celiac gluten sensitivity.

Gluten intolerance is associated with several disorders in the body. Although research has grown in recent years, the understanding of its impact on different tissues and the effects of physical exercise in mitigating health problems in the condition of gluten intolerance are still limited. Therefore, our objective was to test whether gliadin would affect metabolism and inflammation in liver tissue and whether aerobic physical exercise would mitigate the negative impacts of gliadin administration in rodents.

Short-term flaxseed oil, rich in omega 3, protects mice against metabolic damage caused by high-fat diet, but not inflammation.

It is known that long-term high-fat diet (HF) feeding drastically affects the adipose tissue, contributing to metabolic disorders. Recently, short-term HF consumption was shown to affect different neuronal signaling pathways. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the inflammatory effects of a short-term HF and whether a diet containing omega-3 fatty acid fats from flaxseed oil (FS) has protective effects.

Aging reduces ABHD5 protein content in the adipose tissue of mice: The reversal effect of exercise.

Dysfunction of the adipose tissue metabolism is considered as a significant hallmark of aging. It has been proposed that α-β hydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5) plays a critical role in the control of lipolysis. However, the role of ABHD5 in the control of lipolysis during aging or exercise is unknown.

Genetic ablation of Toll-like Receptor 4 seems to activate the apoptosis pathway in the skeletal muscle of mice after acute physical exercise.

Many conditions, such as inflammation and physical exercise, can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) can trigger inflammation and ER stress events. However, there are still no data in the literature regarding the role of TLR4 in ER stress during exercise in skeletal muscle.

Combined physical exercise reverses the reduced expression of Bmal1 in the liver of aged mice.

Aging can modify the morphology and function of the liver, such as generating a decrease in the mitochondria content, autophagy, and cell senescence. Although exercise training has several beneficial effects on hepatic metabolism, its actions on autophagy processes, mitochondrial function, and cellular senescence need to be more widely explored. The present study verified the effects of aging and exercise on hepatic circadian markers, autophagy, and mitochondria activity in 24-month-old mice with a combined exercise training protocol.

Exercise alters the circadian rhythm of REV-ERB-α and downregulates autophagy-related genes in peripheral and central tissues.

The transcriptional repressor REV-ERB-α, encoded by Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group D Member 1 (Nr1d1), has been considered to play an essential role in the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity adaptation and muscle mass control. Also, this molecule regulates autophagy via the repression of autophagy-related genes both in skeletal muscle and brain regions. Classically, training programs based on endurance or strength characteristics enhance skeletal muscle mass content and/or oxidative capacity, leading to autophagy activation in several tissues.