Coronal deformity of the knee in childrens and adolescents. A systematic review of current orthopaedics treatments.

Objectives: Coronal deformities of the knee in skeletally immature patients are often physiological and resolve spontaneously. When this is not the case a surgical correction is required. As limited data are available on the effectiveness of the different surgical procedures to correct coronal deformities in skeletal immature patients, a systematic review was conducted to analyse the surgical outcomes, complications and recurrent deformity rate in idiopathic and pathologic coronal deformities.

The Prevalence of Chronic Interosseous Membrane Lesions Following Mason II and III Radial Head Fractures in Complex Elbow Instability-A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Purpose: The primary aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of chronic lesions of the central band of the interosseous membrane (cbIOM) in complex elbow instability (CEI) in a consecutive series of patients who had previously undergone surgical treatment for Mason II and III radial head (RH) fractures. The secondary aim was to define its clinical significance.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study on a prospective database.

Higher rates of fully preserved posterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty using a double tibial cut: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: In cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty, posterior cruciate ligament damage may occur during tibial cutting. A prospective randomized study was conducted to investigate whether a novel tibial cutting technique was more effective than the currently used techniques.

Materials And Methods: Patients undergoing cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty were recruited in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Assessment of progression and clinical relevance of stress-shielding around press-fit radial head arthroplasty.

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze how proximal radial neck resorption (PRNR) starts and progresses radiologically in two types of press-fit radial head arthroplasties (RHAs), and to investigate its clinical relevance.

Methods: A total of 97 patients with RHA were analyzed: 56 received a bipolar RHA (Group 1) while 41 received an anatomical implant (Group 2). Radiographs were performed postoperatively and after three, six, nine, and 12 weeks, six, nine, 12, 18, and 24 months, and annually thereafter.

Pelvic ring reconstruction with tibial allograft, screws and rods following enneking type I and IV resection of primary bone tumors.

Introduction: Surgery of primary malignant tumors involving the sacroiliac joint requires wide resection, which often interrupts the pelvic ring. Nowadays, restoration of the pelvic ring to provide stability and which technique is most fitting remain subject to debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of pelvic reconstruction with pedicle screw instrumentation and tibial allograft following Enneking Type I-IV resections.

Morphometric analysis of the lateral column of the distal humerus with an interest on radio-capitellar arthroplasty design. A computed tomography anatomical study on 50 elbows.

Purpose: To perform a morphometric analysis of the distal humerus lateral column medullary canal (LCMC).

Methods: Fifty computed tomography(CTs) from 24 males and 26 females were examined. Two observers measured: (1) the capitellum sagittal (R) and axial (R) radii of curvature; (2) the sagittal(Sd) and coronal(Cd) diameters of the LCMC in 5 different disto-proximal sites spaced 4 mm apart; (3) the capitellum and LCMC axis offsets on the sagittal (capSO,axSO) and coronal (capCO,axCO) planes; (4) the sagittal (Si) and coronal (Ci) inclination of the LCMC axis.

Primary complex total knee arthroplasty with severe varus deformity and large bone defects: mid-term results of a consecutive series treated with primary implants.

Introduction: In recent years, the use of constrained implants in complex primary TKA has gained popularity since these implants may better and more easily address severe instability present in complex primary cases (CPC). However, the need for a constrained TKA in CPC is controversial. We hypothesized that a standard TKA may be successful in most of CPC and that an intraoperative switching to a constrained device is rarely need even in the presence of severe instability and bone loss.

Plain films are not accurate in planning internal fixation in vancouver type B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures and in distinguishing between subtypes B1 And B2.

Background: While few studies analysed the diagnostic validity of preoperative radiographs in distinguishing between Vancouver type B1 and B2 periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs), no investigation has been conducted to assess the degree of diagnostic validity of preoperative radiographs in identifying the fracture course and planning the most appropriate treatment. We analysed the diagnostic validity of radiographs in detecting the fracture course and stem stability in Vancouver type B PFFs.

Methods: Vancouver type B PFFs with different fracture courses were randomly performed in 36 dried cadaveric femurs in which a femoral broach had previously been implanted.

Subthreshold yellow micropulse laser for treatment of diabetic macular edema: Comparison between fixed and variable treatment regimen.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy between fixed and variable treatment regimens of subthreshold yellow micropulse laser for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.

Methods: This is a retrospective, comparative, 12-month study of 39 eyes: 24 eyes received fixed treatment regimen of subthreshold micropulse laser treatment and 15 eyes underwent variable treatment regimen of subthreshold micropulse laser, all eyes were followed up for 12 months. Subthreshold micropulse laser was performed with the following parameters: 100 μm spot size on slit lamp, 5% duty cycle of 0.

Chronic complex persistent elbow instability: a consecutive and prospective case series and review of recent literature.

Background: Chronic complex persistent elbow instability (CCPEI) is a condition that even expert elbow surgeons find challenging to treat. The results of the few studies that have dealt with the treatment of this condition are conflicting. We describe the surgical results of a consecutive prospective series of patients with CCPEI and provide a review of the recent literature.

Revisiting the tibial crest as reference for the mechanical alignment of the tibial component in total knee arthroplasty: a cadaveric study on Caucasian tibiae.

Purpose: The accuracy of the tibial crest (TC) in guiding the mechanical alignment of the tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been investigated in a few studies on Asian patients. No study analyzed the anatomical variants of the TC. We analyzed the morphological types of the TC in cadaveric tibiae of Caucasian subjects and assessed whether the TC may be considered an accurate guide for the mechanical alignment of the tibial component in TKA.

Experimental Comparison in Sensing Breast Cancer Mutations by Signal ON and Signal OFF Paper-Based Electroanalytical Strips.

The development of paper-based electroanalytical strips as powerful diagnostic tools has gained a lot of attention within the sensor community. In particular, the detection of nucleic acids in complex matrices represents a trending topic, especially when focused toward the development of emerging technologies, such as liquid biopsy. DNA-based biosensors have been largely applied in this direction, and currently, there are two main approaches based on target/probe hybridization reported in the literature, namely Signal ON and Signal OFF.

Midterm results of radiocapitellar arthroplasty of the elbow: a multicentre prospective study on two different implants.

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the results of two radiocapitellar prostheses in a large case series followed prospectively, with medium-term follow-up.

Patients And Methods: A total of 31 patients with a mean age of 54 years (27 to 73) were analyzed; nine had primary osteoarthritis (OA) and 17 had post-traumatic OA, three had capitellar osteonecrosis, and two had a fracture. Overall, 17 Lateral Resurfacing Elbow (LRE) and 14 Uni-Elbow Radio-Capitellum Implant (UNI-E) arthroplasties were performed.

Post-traumatic proximal radioulnar synostosis: results of surgical treatment and review of the literature.

Background: Post-traumatic proximal radioulnar synostosis is a very rare and disabling condition whose surgical treatment has traditionally been viewed with pessimism. The results of the few case series in the literature are conflicting. Our aims were (1) to describe the clinical results of a case series treated surgically by a single elbow surgeon and (2) to review the literature.

Is there any difference between tapered titanium stems with similar geometry and hydroxyapatite coating?

Purpose: Several tapered stems with similar geometry and extensive hydroxyapatite coating have recently been introduced. It is not clear, however, whether they share the same design or whether they exhibit any difference that might affect their clinical performances. In this study, we analysed five tapered stems fully coated with hydroxyapatite to establish whether they exhibit similar geometric features and may therefore be used indifferently when a cementless stem is indicated.

The native coronal orientation of tibial plateaus may limit the indications to perform a kinematic aligned total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: To investigate the coronal alignment of tibial plateaus in normal and osteoarthritic knees and to simulate the effects of a tibial cut performed in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a kinematic alignment technique with standard instrumentation.

Methods: The coronal alignment of tibial plateaus was measured in three groups including group 1 (reference group), 50 cadaveric tibiae showing no evidence of degenerative changes of tibial plateaus; group 2, 49 patients who underwent MR of the knee, showing no or mild degenerative changes of the knee joint and, group 3, 54 patients with knee osteoarthritis who underwent computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty.

Results: The coronal alignment of tibial plateaus averaged 2.

Results of primary repair of distal triceps tendon ruptures in a general population: a multicentre study.

Aims: The aim of the study was to analyze the results of primary tendon reinsertion in acute and chronic distal triceps tendon ruptures (DTTRs) in the general population.

Patients And Methods: A total of 28 patients were operated on for primary DTTR reinsertions, including 21 male patients and seven female patients with a mean age of 45 years (14 to 76). Of these patients, 23 sustained an acute DTTR and five had a chronic injury.

Mapping of the anterior tibial profile to identify accurate reference points for sagittal alignment of tibial component in total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Although standard instrumentation is the procedure most frequently used to implant a Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), high rates of malalignment of tibial component are reported using this technique. Anatomical landmarks for sagittal alignment have been little investigated and the best reference axis, which parallels the mechanical axis, is yet to be established.

Hypothesis: Mapping the Anterior Tibial Profile (ATP) may allow the identification of segmental zones of the ATP parallel to the mechanical axis which can be used to align the extramedullary rod.

Lumbar Interspinous Process Fixation and Fusion with Stand-Alone Interlaminar Lumbar Instrumented Fusion Implant in Patients with Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Undergoing Decompression for Spinal Stenosis.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Purpose: To assess the ability of a stand-alone lumbar interspinous implant (interspinous/interlaminar lumbar instrumented fusion, ILIF) associated with bone grafting to promote posterior spine fusion in degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) with vertebral instability.

Overview Of Literature: A few studies, using bilateral laminotomy (BL) or bilateral decompression by unilateral laminotomy (BDUL), found satisfactory results in stenotic patients with decompression alone, but others reported increased olisthesis, or subsequent need for fusion in DS with or without dynamic instability.

Preserving the PCL during the tibial cut in total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that the PCL insertion may be damaged during the tibial cut performed in total knee arthroplasty. We investigated the maximum thickness of a tibial cut that preserves the PCL insertion and to what extent the posterior slope of the tibial cut and that of the patient's tibial plateaus affect the outcome.

Methods: MR images of 83 knees were analysed.

Contribution of cartilage to size and shape of radial head circumference: magnetic resonance imaging analysis of 78 elbows.

Background: The aims of our study were to quantify cartilage thickness at the minimum and maximum diameters of the radial head circumference and to investigate its influence on the size and shape of the proximal radius.

Methods: We analyzed high-definition magnetic resonance imaging scans of 78 healthy elbows in 19 men and 20 women, with a mean age of 28 (21-32) years. All measurements were estimated in the axial plane just distal to the fovea radialis.

The ulnar greater sigmoid notch "coverage angle": bone and cartilage contribution. Magnetic resonance imaging anatomic study on 78 elbows.

Background: To study the degree of coverage provided by the greater sigmoid notch (GSN) to the humeral trochlea, as well as the contribution of the olecranon and coronoid process cartilage tips to this angle, and its variations.

Methods: We recruited 39 healthy volunteers, comprising 19 women and 20 men, with a mean age of 28 years (range, 21-32 years). High-definition magnetic resonance images were obtained for the right and left elbows.

The risk of sacrificing the PCL in cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty and the relationship to the sagittal inclination of the tibial plateau.

Background: In cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a partial avulsion of PCL may occur when en-bloc tibial osteotomy is performed. We evaluated the effects of a tibial cut performed with different degrees of posterior slope on PCL insertion and whether the results are affected by the sagittal inclination of the patient's tibial plateau.

Methods: We selected 83 MRIs of knees showing mild or no degenerative changes.

Improving tibial component alignment in total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: Tibia torsion may influence the accuracy of extramedullary instrumentations in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study assessed whether the effect of tibial torsion may be overcome using a surgical technique in which the extramedullary rod is aligned to reference points at the proximal tibia only.

Methods: A consecutive series of 94 knees that underwent TKA were analyzed.

Discovery elbow system: 2- to 5-year results in distal humerus fractures and posttraumatic conditions: a prospective study on 24 patients.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate preliminary results of the Discovery Elbow System (DES) used for acute distal humerus fractures and posttraumatic conditions.

Methods: We analyzed 24 patients (9 men and 15 women), with a mean age of 69 years (range, 45-89 y). Ten had comminuted distal humerus fractures (group I), and 14 had severe post-traumatic arthritis, chronic instability, or nonunion (group II).