Scale-up of the Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers promote Activity in Youth (iPLAY) intervention: a hybrid type 3 implementation-effectiveness trial.

Background: Whole-of-school programs have demonstrated success in improving student physical activity levels, but few have progressed beyond efficacy testing to implementation at-scale. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the scale-up of the 'Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers promote Activity in Youth' (iPLAY) intervention in primary schools using the RE-AIM framework.

Methods: We conducted a type 3 hybrid implementation-effectiveness study and collected data between April 2016 and June 2021, in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

A teacher professional development programme to enhance students' critical health literacy through school-based health and physical education programmes.

Health literacy is a critical asset for adolescents to develop given its positive impact on health outcomes. The few studies that have targeted teacher knowledge and attitudes show that teachers themselves find it difficult to: navigate the multi-modal nature of health information; critically evaluate the different modes and texts; and apply health-related information in a variety of contexts. This research study aimed to address this issue through developing and implementing a teacher professional development (PD) programme for three Australian secondary schools and nine Health and Physical Education (HPE) teachers to improve health literacy, particularly critical health literacy, content and pedagogies embedded in current HPE programmes.

The Barriers to and Facilitators of Physical Activity and Sport for Oceania with Non-European, Non-Asian (ONENA) Ancestry Children and Adolescents: A Mixed Studies Systematic Review.

Background: Participation in sport and physical activity (PA) leads to better overall health, increased life expectancy, and decreased mortality rates across the lifespan; however, there may be a range of individual, family, and community factors that influence PA participation among ONENA children and adolescents residing in the 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICT) and Australia. This review aimed to synthesise existing quantitative and qualitative literature regarding barriers to and facilitators of PA and sport among ONENA youth.

Methods: The literature was systematically searched to include studies reporting barriers to and facilitators of PA and sports participation among ONENA children and adolescents aged 0-18 years residing in the 22 PICT and Australia.

The Potential Role of Aerosolized Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitor Enoximone in the Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hypoxemia: A Case Report.

Despite the various parenchymal presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, the involvement of the vascular component, the reduction of perfusion in noninjured part of the lung and secondary right to left shunt play an important role in the genesis of the respiratory insufficiency. We present the case of a 72-year-old woman admitted to Livorno Hospital for severe respiratory insufficiency due to SARS-CoV-2 infection unresponsive to noninvasive in whom administration of nebulized phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor enoximone was able to improve oxygenation avoiding tracheal intubation. Intravenous infusions of phosphodiesterase inhibitors are commonly used as pulmonary vasodilators in the management of pulmonary hypertension.

The Path to Eldership: Results From a Contemporary Indigenous Australian Community.

Background And Objectives: Traditionally, Elders have held a unique social position within Indigenous Australian communities. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of Indigenous Elders that distinguish them from other people in their community.

Research Design And Methods: Using a community-based participatory research approach, the study was conducted in a regional Indigenous community in Southeast Queensland.

Effect of a Scalable School-Based Intervention on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an important marker of childhood health and low fitness levels are a risk factor for disease later in life. Levels of children's fitness have declined in recent decades. Whether school-based physical activity interventions can increase fitness at the population level remains unclear.

The Role of Elders in the Wellbeing of a Contemporary Australian Indigenous Community.

Background And Objectives: Traditional Elders are integral to the social structure of Australian Indigenous communities. Due to progressive loss of traditional way of life, however, the role of Elders has been eroding. This study aims to develop a conceptual model of the role of Elders in an Australian Indigenous community, with the goal of attaining strategies to strengthen the role of Elders.

Scaling-up an efficacious school-based physical activity intervention: Study protocol for the 'Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers support Activity in Youth' (iPLAY) cluster randomized controlled trial and scale-up implementation evaluation.

Background: Despite the health benefits of regular physical activity, most children are insufficiently active. Schools are ideally placed to promote physical activity; however, many do not provide children with sufficient in-school activity or ensure they have the skills and motivation to be active beyond the school setting. The aim of this project is to modify, scale up and evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention previously shown to be efficacious in improving children's physical activity, fundamental movement skills and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Obesity Prevention Programs in Children: Impact on Weight, Shape and Food Concern.

Childhood overweight and obesity have an estimated prevalence of 10 % globally. High body mass index (BMI) is a known major predictor of body dissatisfaction, problem eating, low self-esteem, bullying and poor social and health outcomes for children. Childhood is also a time when lifelong habits are established, and as such is a time where prevention efforts have a high chance of success if implemented appropriately.

'Achievement, pride and inspiration': outcomes for volunteer role models in a community outreach program in remote Aboriginal communities.

Introduction: There is growing support for the prosocial value of role modelling in programs for adolescents and the potentially positive impact role models can have on health and health behaviours in remote communities. Despite known benefits for remote outreach program recipients, there is limited literature on the outcomes of participation for role models.

Methods: Twenty-four role models participated in a remote outreach program across four remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory, Australia (100% recruitment).

Body image and obesity among Australian adolescents from indigenous and Anglo-European backgrounds: implications for health promotion and obesity prevention among Aboriginal youth.

This study examines the relationship between body image and obesity, among 4367 indigenous and Anglo-European adolescents in Australia in 2006. It shows that indigenous adolescents, male and female, were more likely than their non-indigenous counterparts to desire and pursue weight gain. Indigenous males showed the greatest tendencies to gain weight and to perceive that they should build up their bodies.

Lung parenchymal consolidation as an uncommon presentation and cause of delayed diagnosis in atypical Kawasaki syndrome.

We report three patients who initially showed prolonged fever, lung parenchymal consolidation and laboratory findings of pneumonia, and secondarily presented a clinical picture ascribed to Kawasaki syndrome. Two of these children developed coronary artery dilations, which regressed upon echocardiography after 12 months. In the case of infants showing broncho-pulmonary abnormalities with slow resolution, active inflammatory parameters and high fever persistence, pediatricians should consider atypical Kawasaki syndrome as a possible alternative diagnosis.

Characterization of immunologic and virological parameters in HIV-infected patients with primary effusion lymphoma during antiblastic therapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) represents a peculiar lymphoma infected with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and occurs predominantly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunologic and virological parameters, including HHV-8 viremia, of 5 HIV-infected patients with PEL whose disease was diagnosed and treated at our institute.

Methods: Five patients were enrolled in the study.

Pharmacokinetic interaction between chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and protease inhibitors in HIV-1-infected patients.

Objectives: We have investigated whether chemotherapy for HIV-related systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) affects the pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitors.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, non-randomized, two-way crossover trial in HIV-1-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy for NHL. Seven patients received indinavir at a dosage of 800 mg three times daily and three patients received nelfinavir at a dosage of 750 mg three times daily.

Treatment of head and neck cancer in elderly patients: state of the art and guidelines.

Although the majority of head and neck cancers occur between the fifth and sixth decade, their onset in patients older than 60 years is not a rare event. A peculiar characteristic of almost all case series is the lower prevalence of radical treatments among elderly as compared to younger patients, in particular surgery and combined treatment of surgery plus radiation therapy or chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Radiotherapy is a feasible treatment in elderly patients, also in very advanced age groups and, in the era of organ preservation, chemotherapy combined with RT has a paramount importance.

Virological efficacy in HIV-infected patients affected by non-Hodgkin lymphoma, treated with antiblastic chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy.

This study evaluated replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the genotypic resistance pattern in 26 HIV-infected patients affected by non-Hodgkin lymphoma who were treated with at least 3 cycles of chemotherapy (CT; rituximab and CDE) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Genotyping was performed at baseline and when virological failure occurred. Six patients met the virological failure criteria.

Outcome in patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma and with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection.

We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 100 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; HIV-NHL) treated in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era with those of 82 HIV-negative patients with aggressive NHL. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 37% among patients with HIV-NHL and 74% among HIV-negative patients with NHL (P<.0001).

Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the presenting features and outcome of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi sarcoma.

Background: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on clinical characteristics of presentation and the natural history of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in patients already receiving HAART at the time of KS diagnosis.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing epidemiologic, clinical, and outcome data for 160 patients who were naive to HAART at the time of KS diagnosis (KS-naive) with the corresponding data for 51 patients already receiving HAART at the time of KS diagnosis (KS-HAART). The analysis included all patients with a diagnosis of KS since January 1996 within two Italian cohorts of patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

Clinical features and outcome of primary effusion lymphoma in HIV-infected patients: a single-institution study.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features and outcome of HIV-associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and to compare them with those of the other HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs).

Patients And Methods: From April 1987 to June 2002, 277 patients with HIV infection and systemic NHL were diagnosed and treated in our institution. Clinical features and outcome of PEL patients were compared with the features and outcomes of 162 patients belonging to the following histologic subtypes: plasmoblastic lymphoma of oral cavity (PBLOC, n = 11), immunoblastic lymphoma (IBL, n = 76), and centroblastic B-cell lymphoma (CBCL, n = 75).

Therapeutic approaches to AIDS-related malignancies.

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed dramatically the landscape of HIV disease. Deaths from AIDS-related diseases have been reduced by 75% since protease inhibitor therapy and combination antiretroviral therapy came into use in late 1995. While KS is declining, the situation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more complex with a reduced incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma, but a relatively stability in the number of patients developing systemic NHL.

Impact of concomitant antiblastic chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viremia and genotyping in HIV-infected patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

We evaluated the replication and resistance patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains recovered from HIV-infected patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) who were receiving chemotherapy (CT) concomitant with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We analyzed virological response to HAART in 35 patients with HIV and NHL who were treated with a cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisone chemotherapy regimen and HAART and the virological response in 26 HIV-infected patients with CD20 cell-positive NHL who were treated with rituximab and cyclophosphamide-doxorubin-etoposide therapy. Genotype and virtual phenotype analyses were performed at baseline and when virological failure occurred.

Streptococcus pneumoniae as an agent of nosocomial infection: treatment in the era of penicillin-resistant strains.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a well-known agent of community-acquired infections such as sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. However, the role of S. pneumoniae as a cause of nosocomial infections of respiratory tract, bloodstream and central nervous system is more and more recognized, primarily in high-risk patients with depression of their immune function.