Gut-microbiota-based ensemble model predicts prognosis of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Developing microbiome-based markers for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is challenging. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic potential of the gut microbiome in PIBD through a case-control study and cross-cohort analyses. In a Korean PIBD cohort (24 patients with PIBD, 43 controls), we observed that microbial diversity and composition shifted in patients with active PIBD versus controls and recovered at remission.

Treatment regimens and glycaemic outcomes in more than 100 000 children with type 1 diabetes (2013-22): a longitudinal analysis of data from paediatric diabetes registries.

Background: Advances in paediatric type 1 diabetes management and increased use of diabetes technology have led to improvements in glycaemia, reduced risk of severe hypoglycaemia, and improved quality of life. Since 1993, progressively lower HbA targets have been set. The aim of this study was to perform a longitudinal analysis of HbA, treatment regimens, and acute complications between 2013 and 2022 using data from eight national and one international paediatric diabetes registries.

Mutual Interactions of Silymarin and Colon Microbiota in Healthy Young and Healthy Elder Subjects.

Scope: This multi-omic study investigates the bidirectional interactions between gut microbiota and silymarin metabolism, highlighting the differential effects across various age groups. Silymarin, the extract from Silybum marianum (milk thistle), is commonly used for its hepatoprotective effects.

Methods And Results: An in vitro fermentation colon model was used with microbiota from 20 stool samples obtained from healthy donors divided into two age groups.

Gene expression profile of intestinal organoids from people with cystic fibrosis upon exposure to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor.

The forskolin-induced swelling assay (FIS) in patient-derived intestinal organoids (PDIOs), used to determine in vitro responsiveness to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), showed variability in swelling among PDIOs obtained from people with CF (pwCF) carrying the same F508del/F508del CFTR genotype. We aimed to characterise the effect of ETI on the transcriptional activity of PDIOs-derived cells to understand the intracellular processes triggered by ETI and the differences in treatment response. Six high- and six low-responding PDIOs to ETI, derived from F508del/F508del pwCF, were incubated with or without ETI for 2 to 6 h.

Low-carbohydrate diet in children and young people with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial with cross-over design.

Aims: We investigated whether a short period of tightly controlled low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) leads to higher time in range without increasing the associated risks in children and young people with diabetes (CYPwD).

Methods: Thirty-five (CYPwD) were recruited into this randomized controlled cross-over study (20 female; 20 CSII; age 14.5 ± 2.

Using patterns of shared taxa to infer bacterial dispersal in human living environment in urban and rural areas.

Unlabelled: Contact with environmental microbial communities primes the human immune system. Factors determining the distribution of microorganisms, such as dispersal, are thus important for human health. Here, we used the relative number of bacteria shared between environmental and human samples as a measure of bacterial dispersal and studied these associations with living environment and lifestyles.

A cross-sectional survey of sp. and in non-human primates and their caregivers in Czech zoos.

Intestinal protists in the gut microbiome are increasingly studied, but their basic epidemiology is not well understood. We explored the prevalence, genetic diversity, and potential zoonotic transmission of two protists colonizing the large intestine - sp. and - in 37 species of non-human primates (NHPs) and their caregivers in six zoos in the Czech Republic.

Skin exposure to soil microbiota elicits changes in cell-mediated immunity to pneumococcal vaccine.

A resilient immune system is characterized by its capacity to respond appropriately to challenges, such as infections, and it is crucial in vaccine response. Here we report a paired randomized intervention-control trial in which we evaluated the effect of microbially rich soil on immune resilience and pneumococcal vaccine response. Twenty-five age and sex matched pairs of volunteers were randomized to intervention and control groups.

Lithium rescues cultured rat metatarsals from dexamethasone-induced growth failure.

Background: Glucocorticoids are commonly used in children with different chronic diseases. Growth failure represents a so far untreatable undesired side-effect. As lithium chloride (LiCl) is known to induce cell renewal in various tissues, we hypothesized that LiCl may prevent glucocorticoid-induced growth failure.

Nephrotic syndrome sera induce different transcriptomes in podocytes based on the steroid response.

As the molecular mechanism of nephrotic syndrome remains largely undiscovered, patients continue to be exposed to the pros and cons of uniform glucocorticoid treatment. We explored whether the exposure of in vitro-cultivated podocytes to sera from children with steroid-sensitive or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome induces differences in gene expression profiles, which could help to elucidate the pathogenesis of the steroid response. Human immortalized podocytes were cultivated with patient sera for 3 days.

Are all HCL systems the same? long term outcomes of three HCL systems in children with type 1 diabetes: real-life registry-based study.

Objective: To compare parameters of glycemic control among three types of hybrid closed loop (HCL) systems in children with T1D (CwD) using population-wide data from the national pediatric diabetes registry ČENDA.

Methods: CwD aged <19 years treated with Medtronic MiniMed 780G (780G), Tandem t:slim X2 (Control-IQ) or do-it-yourself AndroidAPS (AAPS) systems for >12 months and monitored by CGM >70% of the time were included. HbA1c, times in glycemic ranges, and Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) were used for cross-sectional comparison between the HCL systems.

Faecal Bacteriome and Metabolome Profiles Associated with Decreased Mucosal Inflammatory Activity Upon Anti-TNF Therapy in Paediatric Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor α antibodies [anti-TNF] changes the dysbiotic faecal bacteriome in Crohn's disease [CD]. However, it is not known whether these changes are due to decreasing mucosal inflammatory activity or whether similar bacteriome reactions might be observed in gut-healthy subjects. Therefore, we explored changes in the faecal bacteriome and metabolome upon anti-TNF administration [and therapeutic response] in children with CD and contrasted those to anti-TNF-treated children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis [JIA].

Effects of and supplementation on the faecal metabolome in children with coeliac disease autoimmunity: a randomised, double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: Coeliac disease is a lifelong immune-mediated enteropathy manifested as gluten intolerance in individuals carrying specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Other factors than genetics and gluten intake, however, may play a role in triggering the disease. The gut internal environment is thought to be one of these potential contributing factors, and it can be influenced throughout life.

Glycemic Control by Treatment Modalities: National Registry-Based Population Data in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the differences in key parameters of type 1 diabetes (T1D) control associated with treatment and monitoring modalities including newly introduced hybrid closed-loop (HCL) algorithm in children and adolescents with T1D (CwD) using the data from the population-wide pediatric diabetes registry ČENDA.

Methods: CwD younger than 19 years with T1D duration >1 year were included and divided according to the treatment modality and type of CGM used: multiple daily injection (MDI), insulin pump without (CSII) and with HCL function, intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM), real-time CGM (rtCGM), and intermittent or no CGM (noCGM). HbA1c, times in glycemic ranges, and glucose risk index (GRI) were compared between the groups.

Skin, gut, and sand metagenomic data on placebo-controlled sandbox biodiversity intervention study.

The metagenomic data presented in this article are related to the published research of "A Placebo-controlled double-blinded test of the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases: Environmental microbial diversity elicits changes in cytokines and increase in T regulatory cells in young children" This database contains 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) metagenomics of sandbox sand and skin and gut microbiota of children in the intervention and placebo daycares. In intervention daycares, children aged 3-5 years were exposed to playground sand enriched with microbially diverse soil. In placebo daycares, children were exposed to visually similar as in intervention daycares, but microbially poor sand colored with peat.

Gut microbiome diversity of porcine peritonitis model of sepsis.

Animal models are essential in understanding of the mechanisms of sepsis moreover the development and the assessment of emerging therapies. In clinically relevant porcine model, however, a significant variability in the host response has been observed among animals. Thus, there is a strong demand to better understand the potential sources of this heterogeneity.

Age-period-cohort modelling of type 1 diabetes incidence rates among children included in the EURODIAB 25-year follow-up study.

Aims: Specific patterns in incidence may reveal environmental explanations for type 1 diabetes incidence. We aimed to study type 1 diabetes incidence in European childhood populations to assess whether an increase could be attributed to either period or cohort effects.

Methods: Nineteen EURODIAB centres provided single year incidence data for ages 0-14 in the 25-year period 1989-2013.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term trends in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of paediatric type 1 diabetes: an international multicentre study based on data from 13 national diabetes registries.

Background: An increased prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children was observed in various diabetes centres worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of paediatric type 1 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify potential predictors of changes in diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence during the pandemic.

Methods: For this international multicentre study, we used data from 13 national diabetes registries (Australia, Austria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden, USA [Colorado], and Wales).

Changes in the gut bacteriome upon gluten-free diet intervention do not mediate beta cell preservation.

Aims/hypothesis: We previously detected indications that beta cell function is protected by gluten-free diet (GFD) introduced shortly after the onset of childhood type 1 diabetes. The present aim was to assess whether GFD was associated with changes in the gut bacteriome composition and in its functional capacity, and whether such changes mediated the observed effects of GFD on beta cell function.

Methods: Forty-five children (aged 10.

Type 1 diabetes incidence increased during the COVID-19 pandemic years 2020-2021 in Czechia: Results from a large population-based pediatric register.

Background: To explore type 1 diabetes incidence patterns during the pandemic years 2020 and 2021 in Czechia, to compare them to the trends from the previous decade, and to test its association with indicators of containment measures and of pandemic severity (school closing and the all-cause excess mortality).

Methods: The Czech Childhood Diabetes Register is a population-based incidence register recording patients age 0-14.99 years at diabetes onset.

A Placebo-controlled double-blinded test of the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases: Environmental microbial diversity elicits changes in cytokines and increase in T regulatory cells in young children.

Background: According to the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases, lack of microbiological diversity in the everyday living environment is a core reason for dysregulation of immune tolerance and - eventually - the epidemic of immune-mediated diseases in western urban populations. Despite years of intense research, the hypothesis was never tested in a double-blinded and placebo-controlled intervention trial.

Objective: We aimed to perform the first placebo-controlled double-blinded test that investigates the effect of biodiversity on immune tolerance.

Protocol for faecal microbiota transplantation in irritable bowel syndrome: the MISCEAT study - a randomised, double-blind cross-over study using mixed microbiota from healthy donors.

Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated dysbiosis in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, faecal microbiota transplantation, whose effect and safety have been proven in infections, may hold promise in other conditions, including IBS. Our study will examine the effectiveness of stool transfer with artificially increased microbial diversity in IBS treatment.