Bone Health and Bone-Targeted Therapies for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Bone health is a significant concern in men with prostate cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of drug, supplement, and lifestyle interventions aimed at preventing fracture, improving bone mineral density (BMD), or preventing or delaying osteoporosis in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer.

Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to 19 January 2017), EMBASE (1980 to 18 January 2017), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (19 January 2017).

Systematic review of patient reported quality of life following stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for primary and metastatic liver cancer.

Background: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is a safe and effective modality in patients with liver cancer who are ineligible for other local therapies. However SABR is not current standard of practice and requires further validation. Patient reported quality of life (QOL) is key to this validation, yet no systematic reviews to date have been performed to analyse QOL following liver SABR.

Ablative Therapies in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Patients with oligometastatic breast cancer are being increasingly offered ablative therapies, yet it is unclear which subpopulations may derive long-term benefit. This study sought to explore factors that could define a clinically relevant oligometastatic breast cancer population that benefits from ablative therapies.

Methods: A systematic review using MEDLINE for English language articles published between 1985 and April 2014 was undertaken.

Systemic therapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer:American Society of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Care Ontario clinical practice guideline.

Purpose: To provide treatment recommendations for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Methods: The American Society of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Care Ontario convened an expert panel to develop evidence-based recommendations informed by a systematic review of the literature.

Results: When added to androgen deprivation, therapies demonstrating improved survival, improved quality of life (QOL), and favorable benefit-harm balance include abiraterone acetate/prednisone, enzalutamide, and radium-223 ((223)Ra; for men with predominantly bone metastases).

Screening high-risk populations for lung cancer: guideline recommendations.

Introduction: The aim of this practice guideline was to develop evidence-based recommendations for screening high-risk populations for lung cancer.

Methods: The guideline was developed using the methods of Cancer Care Ontario's Program in Evidence-Based Care. The core methodology of the Program in Evidence-Based Care's guideline development process is systematic review.

Intraspinal techniques for pain management in cancer patients: a systematic review.

Purpose: This systematic review outlines current evidence regarding the effectiveness of intraspinal techniques for cancer pain and addresses practical implementation issues.

Methods: A search of electronic databases identified systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of intraspinal techniques in the setting of cancer pain. An environmental scan was completed via the internet to identify practice guidelines and resource documents addressing organizational and implementation issues in the delivery of intraspinal analgesia.

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature search strategies for identifying methodologically sound causation and prognosis studies.

We developed search strategies for detecting sound articles on causation and prognosis in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) in the year 2000. An analytic survey was conducted, comparing hand searches of 75 journals with retrievals from CINAHL for 5,020 search terms and 11,784 combinations for causation and 9,946 combinations for prognosis. For detecting sound causation studies, a three-term strategy maximized sensitivity at 97.

Age-specific search strategies for Medline.

Background: Many clinicians and researchers are interested in patients of a specific age (childhood, geriatrics, and so on). Searching for age-specific publications in large bibliographic databases such as Medline is problematic because of inconsistencies in indexing, overlapping age categories, and the spread of the relevant literature over many journals. To our knowledge, no empirically tested age-specific search strategies exist for Medline.

Antimicrobial drugs for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization.

Background: Eradication strategies for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are variable. We sought to summarize the evidence for use of antimicrobial agents to eradicate MRSA.

Objectives: To describe the effects of topical and systemic antimicrobial agents on nasal and extra-nasal MRSA carriage, adverse events, and incidence of subsequent MRSA infections.

Interventions to prevent aspiration pneumonia in older adults: a systematic review.

A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the following interventions for prevention of aspiration pneumonia (AP) in older adults: compensatory strategy/positioning changes, dietary interventions, pharmacologic therapies, oral hygiene, and tube feeding. Data sources included a key word search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and HealthSTAR databases and hand searches of six journals. Reference lists of relevant primary and review articles were searched.