Impact of urinary catheter on resistance patterns and clinical outcomes on complicated urinary tract infection.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) is highly prevalent and costly for health systems. The impact of the indwelling urinary catheter on etiologic agents and clinical outcomes has been poorly studied in Latin America.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including patients with cUTI, with positive urine culture, treated at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá (Colombia) between 2017 and 2020.

Novel Cre-Expressing Mouse Strains Permitting to Selectively Track and Edit Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cells Facilitate Disentangling Their Complexity .

Type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1) excel in the cross-priming of CD8 T cells, which is crucial for orchestrating efficient immune responses against viruses or tumors. However, our understanding of their physiological functions and molecular regulation has been limited by the lack of proper mutant mouse models allowing their conditional genetic targeting. Because the and ( genes belong to the core transcriptomic fingerprint of mouse cDC1, we used them to engineer two novel Cre-driver lines, the and mice, by knocking in an IRES-Cre expression cassette into their 3'-UTR.

XCR1+ dendritic cells promote memory CD8+ T cell recall upon secondary infections with Listeria monocytogenes or certain viruses.

Naive CD8(+) T cell priming during tumor development or many primary infections requires cross-presentation by XCR1(+) dendritic cells (DCs). Memory CD8(+) T lymphocytes (mCTLs) harbor a lower activation threshold as compared with naive cells. However, whether their recall responses depend on XCR1(+) DCs is unknown.

Human XCR1+ dendritic cells derived in vitro from CD34+ progenitors closely resemble blood dendritic cells, including their adjuvant responsiveness, contrary to monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Human monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MoDC) have been used in the clinic with moderately encouraging results. Mouse XCR1(+) DC excel at cross-presentation, can be targeted in vivo to induce protective immunity, and share characteristics with XCR1(+) human DC. Assessment of the immunoactivation potential of XCR1(+) human DC is hindered by their paucity in vivo and by their lack of a well-defined in vitro counterpart.

TLR3-responsive, XCR1+, CD141(BDCA-3)+/CD8α+-equivalent dendritic cells uncovered in healthy and simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques.

In mice, CD8α(+) myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) optimally cross-present Ags to CD8(+) T cells and respond strongly to TLR3 ligands. Although equivalent DC have been identified by comparative genomic analysis and functional studies in humans as XCR1(+)CD141 (BDCA-3)(+)Clec9A(+)cell adhesion molecule 1(+) mDC, and in sheep as CD26(+) mDC, these cells remained elusive in nonhuman primates. To remedy this situation, we delineated precisely DC and monocyte populations by 12-color flow cytometry and transcriptomic analyses in healthy rhesus macaques.

Origins and functional specialization of macrophages and of conventional and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in mouse skin.

In the skin, the lack of markers permitting the unambiguous identification of macrophages and of conventional and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) complicates understanding of their contribution to skin integrity and to immune responses. By combining CD64 and CCR2 staining, we successfully identified each of these cell types and studied their origin, transcriptomic signatures, and migratory and T cell stimulatory properties. We also analyzed the impact of microbiota on their development and their contribution to skin inflammation during contact hypersensitivity.