Text Message Intervention for Latino Adults to Improve Diabetes Outcomes.

Determine the effectiveness of a diabetes text message intervention to improve diabetes outcomes in Latino adults at a free clinic in the southeastern United States. A pre-post, one-group design was used with a convenience sample ( = 24) of Latino adults with type 2 diabetes and A1C ≥ 7 who consented to participate. Over 8 weeks, participants were sent 23 educational and motivational text messages that were based on the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) 7 self-care tasks and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

Guidance or Gatekeeping: An Audit Examination of Racial Discrimination in Leading STEM High Schools: Systems that Marginalize BIPOC Youth Special Issue: Dismantling Oppression Series: Systems that Marginalize BIPOC Youth Special Issue: Dismantling Oppression Series.

Racial discrimination remains a mechanism by which ethnic-racial minorities are restricted from power. We examined whether racial discrimination restricts ethnic-racial minority access to high-achieving STEM schools. We conducted an audit correspondence experiment to investigate racial discrimination in guidance counselor responsiveness to 976 emails from fictitious Asian, Black, Latina, and White mothers inquiring about school enrollment.

Quantifying gender norm resistance.

Introduction: Qualitative and mixed-methods researchers have described the experience of gender norm resistance in adolescence and identified potential types of resistance including indirect resistance (motivated by a preference for gender-atypicality) and direct resistance (motivated by dislike of gender norms and a desire to change them). Building on this work, we developed the Gender Norm Resistance measure to operationalize indirect and direct gender norm resistance. We explored how gender norm resistance aligns with and differs from other gender self-concepts (e.

Self-compassion and responses to health information in middle-aged and older women: An observational cohort study.

The aim of this study was to determine whether self-compassion-orientation to care for oneself during challenges-helps people at risk of cardiovascular disease deal with emotional reactions and assist with self-regulating health behaviors. This observational study recruited women ( = 102) who attended three research visits over 3 weeks to gather information on emotions, intentions, and engagement in health behaviors after women received news they were at risk of cardiovascular disease. Self-compassion negatively associated with emotional responses and associated with intentions and engagement in health behaviors after receiving news of their cardiovascular disease risk.

Understanding the role of mother guilt and self-compassion in health behaviors in mothers with young children.

We explored whether the guilt mothers of young children feel about engaging in health behaviors mediates the relationship between self-compassion and self-reported engagement in health-promoting behaviors such as physical activity, eating a healthy diet and getting enough sleep. In this online, cross-sectional study, 143 mothers of young children completed measures of self-compassion, guilt about taking time to engage in health-promoting behaviors, trait guilt, health-promoting behaviors, self-esteem, and demographics. Mediation analysis, using Hayes' PROCESS macro showed that mother guilt mediated the relationship between self-compassion and health-promoting behaviors, ß = .

The efficacy of a relationship building intervention in 5th grade.

The present study reports initial efficacy data for a new school-based intervention - the Relationship Building Intervention (RBI) - that includes a series of teacher-facilitated, structured activities designed to promote positive peer relationships and inclusive classroom communities. The RBI was evaluated in fifth-grade classrooms by estimating multilevel model (MLM) analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) comparing 368 fifth-grade students in intervention classrooms with 259 fifth-graders in control classrooms on social behaviors, perceptions of classroom connectedness, and academic performance. Controlling for pretest scores, cohort, and demographic variables, findings revealed that students who participated in the RBI liked school more, felt a greater sense of classroom identification and inclusion, were perceived by teachers to be less aggressive, and performed better academically than students who were in control classrooms.

Peer Influence on Academic Performance: A Social Network Analysis of Social-Emotional Intervention Effects.

Longitudinal social network analysis (SNA) was used to examine how a social-emotional learning (SEL) intervention may be associated with peer socialization on academic performance. Fifth graders (N = 631; 48 % girls; 9 to 12 years) were recruited from six elementary schools. Intervention classrooms (14) received a relationship building intervention (RBI) and control classrooms (8) received elementary school as usual.

UCH-L1 and GFAP Serum Levels in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Single Center Pilot Study.

Objective: We examined two potential biomarkers of brain damage in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) neonates: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; a marker of gliosis) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1; a marker of neuronal injury). We hypothesized that the biomarkers would be measurable in cord blood of healthy neonates and could serve as a normative reference for brain injury in HIE infants. We further hypothesized that higher levels would be detected in serum samples of HIE neonates and would correlate with brain damage on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and later developmental outcomes.

Acceptability and feasibility of using established geosocial and sexual networking mobile applications to promote HIV and STD testing among men who have sex with men.

This study is the first published multi-app study, of which we are aware, to evaluate both the acceptability and feasibility of providing sexual health information and HIV/STD testing referrals via established geosocial and sexual networking apps for MSM. Data were collected using an online survey and through four apps (A4A Radar, Grindr, Jack'd, and Scruff). Two-thirds (64 %) found apps to be an acceptable source for sexual health information.

Depressive symptoms among immigrant Latino sexual minorities.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of depressive symptoms among immigrant Latino sexual minorities.

Methods: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, and univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify correlates of depressive symptoms.

Results: Unweighted and RDS-weighted prevalence estimates of depressive symptoms were 69.

Female sex work within the rural immigrant Latino community in the southeast United States: an exploratory qualitative community-based participatory research study.

Background: Little is known about the structure and context of, and the risks encountered in, sex work in the United States.

Objective: This community-based participatory research (CBPR) study explored female sex work and the feasibility of conducting a larger study of sex work within the immigrant Latino community in North Carolina.

Methods: Twelve abbreviated life story interviews were conducted with Latina women who sold sex, other women who sold sex to Latino men, and Latino men who hired sex workers.

Colony forming cell assays for human hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) present in small numbers in adult bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB) and umbilical cord blood (CB) produce a heterogeneous pool of progenitors that can be detected in vitro using colony forming cell (CFC) assays. Hematopoietic progenitor cells proliferate and differentiate to produce colonies of maturing cells when cultured in a semisolid methylcellulose-based medium that is supplemented with suitable growth factors and other supplements. The colonies are then classified and enumerated in situ by light microscopy or an automated imaging instrument.

Long-term culture-initiating cell assay for mouse cells.

The long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay is a well-established in vitro assay used to enumerate primitive mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and relies on the two cardinal functions of HSCs: ability to self-renew and differentiation capacity. LTC-ICs present in minimally processed and purified cell suspensions and cocultured on a supportive feeder layer are detected by their sustained ability to produce hematopoietic progenitors (colony forming cells) after ≥ 4 weeks in culture. Refinements including the use of a defined stromal cell line, and extending the in vitro culture to 6 weeks allow detection of LTC-IC at similar frequencies to transplantable HSCs quantified using in vivo assays.

Human long-term culture initiating cell assay.

The long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay, founded on the bone marrow long-term culture (LTC) system, measures primitive hematopoietic stem cells (termed LTC-IC) based on their capacity to produce myeloid progeny for at least 5 weeks. Adaptations of the LTC system including the use of stromal cell lines, application of limiting dilution analysis, and estimation of average hematopoietic progenitor output per LTC-IC under defined conditions have made it possible to accurately determine LTC-IC content in minimally separated and highly purified cell populations from human hematopoietic tissue sources such as bone marrow, peripheral blood, cord blood, fetal liver as well as cord blood and mobilized peripheral blood. Methodologies for measuring human LTC-IC using bulk cultures, limiting dilution analysis, and single cell cultures are described.

A systematic community-based participatory approach to refining an evidence-based community-level intervention: the HOLA intervention for Latino men who have sex with men.

Our community-based participatory research partnership engaged in a multistep process to refine a culturally congruent intervention that builds on existing community strengths to promote sexual health among immigrant Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). The steps were the following: (1) increase Latino MSM participation in the existing partnership, (2) establish an Intervention Team, (3) review the existing sexual health literature, (4) explore needs and priorities of Latino MSM, (5) narrow priorities based on what is important and changeable, (6) blend health behavior theory with Latino MSM's lived experiences, (7) design an intervention conceptual model, (8) develop training modules and (9) resource materials, and (10) pretest and (11) revise the intervention. The developed intervention contains four modules to train Latino MSM to serve as lay health advisors known as Navegantes.

Brain damage in preterm newborns and maternal medication: the ELGAN Study.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the association between maternal medication use during pregnancy and cerebral white matter damage and cerebral palsy (CP) among very preterm infants.

Study Design: This analysis of data from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Study included 877 infants born <28 weeks' gestation. Mothers were interviewed, charts were reviewed, placentas were cultured and assessed histologically, and children were evaluated at 24 months corrected age.

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease: a misnomer?

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare entity with non-specific signs and symptoms and is nearly always associated with a dismal prognosis. This review will first consider pulmonary hypertension in general and then will focus on PVOD specifically with particular attention to the pathophysiology of the disease. Classically PVOD is described as a disease primarily involving obstructed venules, with the arterial side of the circulation involved to a lesser degree.

Associations between fifth graders' gender atypical problem behavior and peer relationships: a short-term longitudinal study.

An accruing body of evidence supports associations between self-perceived gender typicality and peer relationship difficulties; however, researchers have yet to evaluate peers' perceptions of problem behaviors to gain insight into the social correlates of gender typicality. A short-term longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate associations between gender atypical problem behavior and subsequent peer relational difficulties for 2,076 fifth graders (M age= 10.27; 53% female).

Gender Development Research in Sex Roles: Historical Trends and Future Directions.

The late 1960s through the 1970s marked an important turning point in the field of gender research, including theory and research in gender development. The establishment of Sex Roles in 1975 as a forum for this research represented an important milestone in the field. In this article, we celebrate the 35th anniversary of Sex Roles and, in particular, its contributions to the field of research on children's and adolescents' gender development.

'It's not that we hate you': understanding children's gender attitudes and expectancies about peer relationships.

Widespread gender segregation, evident throughout elementary school, seems to imply that girls and boys have negative feelings and thoughts about one another, and classic theories of inter-group processes support this idea. However, research has generally overlooked children's feelings and perceptions about gender-related interpersonal interactions. This paper investigates the nature of children's attitudes about same- and other-gender peers, and explores how those attitudes relate to the expectancies and beliefs children hold about same- and other-gender peer interactions.

A CBPR partnership increases HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM): outcome findings from a pilot test of the CyBER/testing internet intervention.

The Internet has emerged as an important tool for the delivery of health promotion and disease prevention interventions. Our community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership developed and piloted CyBER/testing, a culturally congruent intervention designed to promote HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) within existing Internet chat rooms. Using a quasi-experimental, single-group study design, cross-sectional data were collected from chat room participants, known as "chatters," at pretest (n = 346) and posttest (n = 315).

Medications for sexual health available from non-medical sources: a need for increased access to healthcare and education among immigrant Latinos in the rural southeastern USA.

This study documented the types and quality of sexual health medications obtained by immigrant Latinos from non-medical sources. Samples of the medications were purchased from non-medical sources in the rural Southeast by trained native Spanish-speaking "buyers". Medications were screened the presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients using mass spectrometry.

Reader variability in the use of diagnostic terms to describe white matter lesions seen on cranial scans of severely premature infants: the ELGAN study.

Purpose: To evaluate reader variability of white matter lesions seen on cranial sonographic scans of extreme low gestational age neonates (ELGANs).

Methods: In 1,452 ELGANs, cranial sonographic scans were obtained in the first and second postnatal weeks, and between the third postnatal week and term. All sets of scans were read independently by two sonologists.