Optimal Timing for Intraocular Pressure Measurement Following Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis.

Post-operative increases in intraocular pressure (IOP) are a frequent complication following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Assessment of IOP is an essential element in post-operative checks. Despite this, guidance regarding the optimal timing remains vague.

Trends in immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery in Ontario.

Objective: Because of increased evidence for safety and increased demands, there appears to be a recent adoption and endorsement of immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS). This study aims to determine whether a paradigm shift has occurred in the delivery of cataract surgery in the province of Ontario and its the extent, if any, and to analyze the current role of ISBCS.

Design: Retrospective health records analysis.

Association of pre-residency publications with research productivity in residency, fellowship, and academic career choice among Canadian ophthalmologists.

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether the research output of medical students who matched into a Canadian ophthalmology residency program influences their subsequent research productivity during residency, decision to pursue a fellowship, or engagement in academic practice.

Design: Retrospective database review.

Participants: A total of 369 trainees commencing ophthalmology residency from 2004 to 2015 at 15 residency programs.

Prophylaxis against intraocular pressure spikes following uncomplicated phacoemulsification: a systematic-review and meta-analysis.

Background: To investigate the effect of perioperative intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering medications on controlling postoperative IOP following uncomplicated phacoemulsification.

Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched up until November 2022. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed IOP change via applanation tonometry in medicated and control arms following uncomplicated cataract surgery in healthy eyes were included.

Evaluating Measurement Properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review.

Topic: The purpose of the current study was to systematically identify and evaluate existing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for clinical glaucoma practice.

Clinical Relevance: Understanding and incorporating patient preferences into decision-making is now recognized as critical for optimal resource allocation, especially in technologically advancing areas, such as minimally invasive surgeries. Patient-reported outcome measures are instruments designed to evaluate the health outcomes that are most important to patients.

ALK5 Inhibition of Subconjunctival Scarring From Glaucoma Surgery: Effects of SB-431542 Compared to Mitomycin C in Human Tenon's Capsule Fibroblasts.

Purpose: The gold standard for managing postoperative ocular fibrosis in glaucoma surgery is the chemotherapeutic mitomycin C (MMC) despite its association with significant adverse effects. This study compares in vitro the antifibrotic efficacy and cytotoxicity of the small-molecule TGFβ1 inhibitor SB-431542 (SB) to MMC.

Methods: To measure collagen contraction, human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTCFs) embedded in a three-dimensional collagen lattice were exposed to 0.

Research productivity of ophthalmology residents and its relationship to academic career outcomes.

Objective: To assess the impact of ophthalmology resident research and its relationship to subsequent practice.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Three hundred and twenty residents of Canadian ophthalmology programs graduating between 2009 and 2020.

Deep Ensemble Learning for Retinal Image Classification.

Purpose: Vision impairment affects 2.2 billion people worldwide, half of which is preventable with early detection and treatment. Currently, automatic screening of ocular pathologies using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on retinal fundus photographs is limited to a few pathologies.

Differential effects of acetylsalicylic acid and mitomycin C on cytokine-induced Tenon's capsule myofibroblast transdifferentiation and activity: Implications for glaucoma surgery.

Inflammation-driven scarring is a major contributor to surgical failure after subconjunctival bleb forming glaucoma surgery. The current gold standard anti-scarring adjuvant mitomycin C (MMC) has variable effectiveness and is associated with significant risks. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), when delivered locally, repurposes the typically pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX-2) signaling for the resolution of inflammation and mitigating inflammation-mediated fibrosis.

Impact of Inhaled and Intranasal Corticosteroids Exposure on the Risk of Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Starting in 2019, the Global Initiative for Asthma recommended the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as part of reliever combination therapy in patients 12 years of age and older, thus dramatically increasing the population exposure to ICS. ICS and intranasal corticosteroids (INS) are commonly used for a variety of respiratory diseases. Chronic steroid use is a well-known risk factor for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma regardless of route of administration.

Scholarly Impact of Academic Ophthalmologists and Vision Scientists in Canada.

Objective: To outline the current impact of Canadian ophthalmology and vision science research as measured by novel research metrics.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Participants: All Canadian ophthalmologists (n = 687) and vision scientists (n = 119) with an online bibliometric profile and academic appointment at a major ophthalmology training centre were included.

Rapid visual field progression in a patient with glaucoma as the presenting manifestation of sarcoidosis.

Purpose: To report a case of accelerated visual field progression secondary to a new orbital apex lesion in a patient with a longstanding history of fatigue and cough.

Observations: A 73-year-old myopic female with known open angle glaucoma presented with accelerated unilateral visual field progression. Maximally tolerated medical therapy was instituted over a period of 1-2 years with imminent discussions of surgical intervention.

Dorzolamide/Timolol Fixed Combination: Learning from the Past and Looking Toward the Future.

The key clinical attributes of preserved dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (DTFC) and the emerging potential of preservative-free (PF) DTFC are reviewed with published evidence and clinical experience. The indications and role of DTFC in current glaucoma management are critically discussed. Preserved DTFC became the first intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering fixed combination (FC) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and remains one of most commonly used medications worldwide.

The Pro-Fibrotic Behavior of Human Tenon's Capsule Fibroblasts in Medically Treated Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTCFs) obtained from patients who received medical therapy for glaucoma (glaucomatous patients) and patients not treated for glaucoma (non-glaucomatous patients) in terms of wound healing and fibrosis.

Patients And Methods: Bioartificial tissues (BATs) were generated using primary HTCF-populated collagen lattices. Pro-fibrotic gene expression within HTCFs was compared between glaucomatous patients and non-glaucomatous patients after BAT culture.

Estimating patient-reported outcomes for glaucoma management: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: To identify important explanatory variables of four patient-reported outcomes (PROs): vision-related quality of life (VRQoL), preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL), social support and community integration and depressive symptoms.

Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted at one ophthalmic practice in a hospital setting. Patients with a diagnosis of glaucoma or glaucoma suspect (n = 250) were sequentially recruited.

Effect of 6-week washout period on intraocular pressure following chronic prostaglandin analogue treatment: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a 6-week washout period on intraocular pressure (IOP) following long-term monotherapy prostaglandin use.

Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled, single-centre, single-blinded, parallel-group clinical study.

Participants: Subjects aged >18 years diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma or open-angle glaucoma suspects based on elevated IOP in one or both eyes, using monotherapy topical latanoprost, bimatoprost, or travoprost once daily.

Trends in low vision care provided by ophthalmologists in Ontario between 2009 and 2015.

Objective: Little is known about how low vision services by ophthalmologists are being provided. Here, we analyze the patterns of provision and utilization of vision rehabilitation services in Ontario, Canada.

Design: Retrospective population-based study between 2009 and 2015.

Secondary surgical intervention after primary glaucoma filtration surgery: an Ontario population-based study.

Objective: To identify factors associated with secondary surgical intervention after glaucoma filtration surgery.

Design: Population-based retrospective cohort.

Methods: Patient records with billing claims for a primary glaucoma filtration surgery occurring between April 2003 and March 2015 were identified.

Differential effects of dexamethasone and indomethacin on Tenon's capsule fibroblasts: Implications for glaucoma surgery.

Dysregulated wound healing and subsequent fibrosis represents the most common cause of failure in glaucoma filtration surgery. Primary means to prevent this outcome are the anti-metabolite surgical adjuvants, however, topical corticosteroids are commonly used postoperatively to permit further control of wound healing and development of the filtration bleb. Unfortunately, they carry important side effects such as raised intraocular pressure, cataract and increased infection risk.

Administration of Nitric Oxide Through a Novel Copper-Chitosan Delivery System in Human Corneal and Limbal Epithelial Cell Injury.

Purpose: Nitric oxide (NO) has gained attention for its role in facilitating wound healing by promoting cell migration, while being cytoprotective in a variety of cell types. We determined the efficacy of NO, administered using a novel application of copper-chitosan treatments (Cu-Ch), in facilitating corneal epithelial wound healing using an in vitro model of corneal epithelial and limbal epithelial cell injury.

Methods: Human corneal epithelial (HCE) and human limbal epithelial (HLE) cells were monitored under no-scratch (CON), untreated scratch (CS), scratch + plain chitosan composite (0%), scratch + 1% copper solution Cu-Ch (1%), and scratch + 2% copper solution Cu-Ch (2%) conditions.

Assessing the Methodological Quality of Glaucoma Clinical Practice Guidelines and Their Recommendations on Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) are regarded by many as critical communications providing guidance within specific medical fields. Over a decade ago, the first microinvasive glaucoma surgical (MIGS) procedures were introduced. Since then, a number of these novel intraocular pressure controlling surgical options have been approved worldwide.

When Is Evidence Enough Evidence? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Trabectome as a Solo Procedure in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the availability of evidence for one of the earliest available minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) procedures, the Trabectome. Various databases were searched up to December 20, 2016, for any published studies assessing the use of the Trabectome as a solo procedure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of glaucoma mediations used at 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up.

The Effects of Phacoemulsification on Intraocular Pressure and Topical Medication Use in Patients With Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 3-Year Data.

Purpose: For patients with comorbid cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), guidance is lacking as to whether cataract extraction and traditional filtering surgery should be performed as a staged or combined procedure. Achieving this guidance requires an evidence-based understanding of the effects of phacoemulsification alone on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with POAG. For this reason, a systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to synthesize evidence quantifying the effect of phacoemulsification on IOP and the required number of topical glaucoma medications in patients with cataract and POAG.