Canadian colorectal cancer screening programs: How do they measure up using the International Agency for Research on Cancer criteria for organized screening?

Background: Canada has one of the highest incidences of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide. CRC screening improves CRC outcomes and is cost-effective. This study compares Canadian CRC screening programs using essential elements of an organized screening program outlined by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

Lemann Index for assessing bowel damage in Crohn's disease: a real world study.

Background & Aims: The Lemann Index (LI), an endpoint to measure cumulative structural bowel damage in Crohn's disease (CD), has been recently updated and validated. We applied this to investigate predictors of bowel damage in a real-world cohort.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study (2008-2022) involving two tertiary referral IBD centers in the US.

Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease-Associated Anorectal and Fistula Cancers: Systematic Review and Expert Consensus.

Background & Aims: Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (PFCD)-associated anorectal and fistula cancers are rare but often devastating diagnoses. However, given the low incidence and consequent lack of data and clinical trials in the field, there is little to no guidance on screening and management of these cancers. To inform clinical practice, we developed consensus guidelines on PFCD-associated anorectal and fistula cancers by multidisciplinary experts from the international TOpClass consortium.

Early Biologic Treatment Decreases Risk of Surgery in Crohn's Disease but not in Ulcerative Colitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can lead to long-term complications that significantly impact patients' quality of life and healthcare resource utilization. Prior studies have demonstrated improved short-term outcomes to early exposure of biologics in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) but not in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, there are conflicting data on impact of early intervention on longer-term adverse events.

Electrochemically assisted production of biogenic palladium nanoparticles for the catalytic removal of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants effluent.

Biogenic palladium nanoparticles (bio-Pd NPs) are used for the reductive transformation and/or dehalogenation of persistent micropollutants. In this work, H (electron donor) was produced in situ by an electrochemical cell, permitting steered production of differently sized bio-Pd NPs. The catalytic activity was first assessed by the degradation of methyl orange.

A critical review of upadacitinib for the treatment of adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.

Introduction: Upadacitinib is a selective janus kinase 1 inhibitor. In March 2022, upadacitinib was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the management of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) in those who have had an inadequate response or intolerance of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. It is also approved for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.

High Diagnostic Yield of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Brush Cytology for Indeterminate Strictures.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) brush cytology is used frequently for sampling indeterminate biliary strictures. Studies have demonstrated that the diagnostic yield of brush cytology for malignant strictures is estimated to be 6%-70%. With improved diagnostic tools, sampling techniques and specimen processing, the yield of ERCP brush cytology may be higher.

The influence of H partial pressure on biogenic palladium nanoparticle production assessed by single-cell ICP-mass spectrometry.

The production of biogenic palladium nanoparticles (bio-Pd NPs) is widely studied due to their high catalytic activity, which depends on the size of nanoparticles (NPs). Smaller NPs (here defined as <100 nm) are more efficient due to their higher surface/volume ratio. In this work, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), flow cytometry (FCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were combined to obtain insight into the formation of these bio-Pd NPs.

Acute kidney injury and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhosis, including hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), is a common and serious complication in cirrhotic patients, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. AKI is separated into two categories, non-HRS AKI and HRS-AKI. The most recent definition and diagnostic criteria of AKI in cirrhosis and HRS have helped diagnose and prognosticate the disease.

A protocol for the management of hyponatremia peri-liver transplant reduces post-transplant neurological complications.

Rapid changes in serum sodium (ΔSNa) peri-liver transplant (LT) predispose to post-LT neurological complications (NC). We aimed to assess whether implementation of a protocol directed at limiting peri-LT ΔSNa reduced post-LT NC. A retrospective single-center review of adult LT recipients from 1/2016 to 10/2017 was performed.

Risk of postoperative infectious complications from medical therapies in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Medications used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have significantly improved patient outcomes and delayed time to surgery. However, some of these therapies are recognized to increase the general risk of infection and have an unclear impact on postoperative infection risk.

Objectives: To assess the impact of perioperative IBD medications on the risk of postoperative infections within 30 days of surgery.

Feedstock thermal pretreatment selectively steers process stability during the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge.

Strategies to enhance process performance of anaerobic digestion remain of key importance to promote wider usage of this technology for integrated resource recovery from organic waste streams. Continuous inoculation of the microbial community in the digester via the feedstock could be such a cost-effective strategy. Here, anaerobic digestion of fresh waste activated sludge (WAS) was compared with sterilized WAS in response to two common process disturbances, i.

Risk of Postoperative Infectious Complications From Medical Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To assess the impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) medications on postoperative infection risk within 30 days of surgery.

Methods: We searched multiple electronic databases and reference lists of articles dating up to August 2018 for prospective and retrospective studies comparing postoperative infection risk in patients treated with an IBD medication perioperatively with the risk in patients who were not taking that medication. Outcomes were overall infectious complications and intra-abdominal infections within 30 days of surgery.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Preoperative Vedolizumab Treatment and Postoperative Complications in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: The impact of vedolizumab, a gut-selective monoclonal antibody, on postoperative outcomes is unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of preoperative vedolizumab treatment on the rate of postoperative complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] undergoing abdominal surgery.

Methods: A systematic search of multiple electronic databases from inception until May 2017 identified studies reporting rates of postoperative complications in vedolizumab-treated IBD patients compared to no biologic exposure or anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treated IBD patients.

The Impact of Clostridium difficile Infection on Mortality in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been associated with an increased mortality risk among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in multiple observational studies. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to help clearly define the magnitude of risk in IBD patients with and without CDI, and to assess the risk in individual IBD subtypes.

Methods: A systematic search of multiple electronic databases was conducted for observational studies reporting the risk of mortality in IBD, stratified by the presence of CDI.

Impact of Specialized Inpatient IBD Care on Outcomes of IBD Hospitalizations: A Cohort Study.

Background: The management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs; Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) is increasingly complex. Specialized care has been associated with improved ambulatory IBD outcomes.

Aims: To examine if the implementation of specialized inpatient IBD care modified short-term and long-term clinical outcomes in IBD-related hospitalizations.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Phenotype and Clinical Outcomes of Older-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Little is known of the clinical outcome of patients with older-onset inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We performed a systematic review to determine phenotype and outcomes of older-onset IBD compared with younger-onset subjects.

Methods: A systematic search of Embase and Medline up to June 2015 identified studies investigating phenotype and outcomes of older-onset [diagnosed at age ≥ 50 years] Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] subjects.

Expression of Non-acetylatable H2A.Z in Myoblast Cells Blocks Myoblast Differentiation through Disruption of MyoD Expression.

H2A.Z is a histone H2A variant that is essential for viability in Tetrahymena and Drosophila and also during embryonic development of mice. Although implicated in diverse cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, chromosome segregation, and heterochromatin formation, its essential function in cells remains unknown.

Histone variants and transcription regulation.

Histones are the protein components of chromatin and are important for its organization and compaction. Although core histones are exclusively expressed during S phase of the cell cycle, there exist variants of canonical histones that are expressed throughout the cell cycle. These histone variants are often deposited at defined regions of the genome and they play important roles in a variety of cellular processes, such as transcription regulation, heterochromatin formation and DNA repair.

A randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose escalation study of a Chinese herbal medicine preparation (Dang Gui Buxue Tang) for moderate to severe menopausal symptoms and quality of life in postmenopausal women.

Objective: This study is a phase II clinical trial that aims to investigate the dose-response relationship of a Chinese herbal medicine preparation, Dang Gui Buxue Tang (DBT), with short-term menopausal symptoms and quality of life in local postmenopausal women.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose escalation trial was performed in 60 postmenopausal women experiencing severe hot flashes and night sweats. The participants were randomized to receive DBT preparations at 1.

Protein-protein interactions occur between p53 phosphoforms and ATM and 53BP1 at sites of exogenous DNA damage.

We have previously shown that the Ser15-phosphorylated p53 phosphoform, p53(Ser15), can localize at sites of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. In this study, we hypothesized that the non-specific DNA binding domain (NSDBD) of the p53 carboxy-terminus (C-terminus) mediates chromatin anchoring at sites of DNA damage to interact with two key mediators of the DNA damage response (DDR): ATM and 53BP1. Exogenous YFP-p53 fusion constructs expressing C-terminus deletion mutants of p53 were transfected into p53-null H1299 cells and tracked by microscopy and biochemistry to determine relative chromatin-binding pre- and postirradiation.