Evaluation of dissolved and immobilized redox mediators on dark fermentation: Driving to hydrogen or solventogenic pathway.

In this work, lawsone (LQ) and anthraquinone 2-sulphonate (AQS) (dissolved and covalently immobilized on activated carbon) were evaluated as redox mediators during the dark fermentation of glucose by a pretreated anaerobic sludge. Findings revealed that the use of dissolved LQ increased H production (10%), and dissolved AQS improved H production rate (11.4%).