Hydrolyzed casein decreases postprandial glucose concentrations in T2DM patients irrespective of leucine content.

Lifestyle modifications, including diet, are important in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, limited information is available on the effects of single doses of meal replacements, particularly with regard to their effect on postprandial glucose. Therefore, a study was performed comparing the effects of a single meal replacement in T2DM patients on postprandial serum glucose, insulin, and glucagon.

Protein hydrolysates induce CCK release from enteroendocrine cells and act as partial agonists of the CCK1 receptor.

Protein has been reported to be the most satiating of all macronutrients. Upon gastrointestinal digestion, peptides are generated that stimulate the release of satiety hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK) from enteroendocrine cells. As such, bioactive peptides could be the target of Functional Food ingredients with satiating effects.

Comparison of 3 AT1 receptor binding assays: filtration assay, ScreenReady Target, and WGA Flashplate.

In this article, the study of 3 different angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor binding assays in terms of reproducibility, robustness, and feasibility for high-throughput screening (HTS) is described. The following methods were used: a nonhomogeneous filtration assay in a 96-well format using CHO-AT(1) cell membranes and 2 homogeneous assays, which include the commercially available ScreenReady Target for the AT(1) receptor and the wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) Flashplate, which was coated "in-house" with the CHO-AT(1) cell membranes. Receptors were labeled with [(125)I]-Sar(1)-Ile(8)-angiotensin II, and radioligand binding was displaced using the antagonist losartan and the natural agonist angiotensin II.

Human adipose cells express CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 [corrected] receptors: a new target cell type for the immunodeficiency virus-1?

The concept that adipocytes belong to an essential endocrine system with some characteristics of immune cells has recently emerged. The aim of this paper is to present evidence of the expression of CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 receptors by human adipocytes and to test whether adipose cells support HIV entry. Primary human preadipocytes were cultured and differentiated in vitro.