Impacts of zero-fare transit policy on health and social determinants: protocol for a natural experiment study.

Population-level efforts are needed to increase levels of physical activity and healthy eating to reduce and manage chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Interventions to increase public transit use may be one promising strategy, particularly for low-income communities or populations of color who are disproportionately burdened by health disparities and transportation barriers. This study employs a natural experiment design to evaluate the impacts of a citywide zero-fare transit policy in Kansas City, Missouri, on ridership and health indicators.

Identification of long-preserved specimens reveals the historical geographic range of the Patagonian lamprey Geotria macrostoma (Burmeister, 1868) in southern South America.

The lamprey genus Geotria Gray, 1851 currently includes only two species: G. australis and G. macrostoma.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples help to investigate transcriptomic responses in wildlife disease.

Infectious diseases impact numerous organisms. Knowledge of host-pathogen interactions and host responses to infection is crucial for conservation and management. Obtaining this knowledge quickly is made increasingly possible by a variety of genomic approaches, yet, for many species the bottleneck to understanding this, remains access to appropriate samples and data.

An improved germline genome assembly for the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus illuminates the evolution of germline-specific chromosomes.

Programmed DNA loss is a gene silencing mechanism that is employed by several vertebrate and nonvertebrate lineages, including all living jawless vertebrates and songbirds. Reconstructing the evolution of somatically eliminated (germline-specific) sequences in these species has proven challenging due to a high content of repeats and gene duplications in eliminated sequences and a corresponding lack of highly accurate and contiguous assemblies for these regions. Here, we present an improved assembly of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) genome that was generated using recently standardized methods that increase the contiguity and accuracy of vertebrate genome assemblies.

Machine learning based assessment of small-bodied fish tracking to evaluate spoiler baffle fish passage design.

Fish passage research is important to mitigate the adverse effects of fragmented river habitats caused by waterway structures. The scale at which this research is undertaken varies from small-scale laboratory prototype studies to in-situ observations at various fish passage structures and bottlenecks. Using DeepLabCut, we introduce and evaluate a machine learning based workflow to track small-bodied fish in order to facilitate improved fish passage management.

Population Genomics of New Zealand Pouched Lamprey (kanakana; piharau; Geotria australis).

Pouched lamprey (Geotria australis) or kanakana/piharau is a culturally and ecologically significant jawless fish that is distributed throughout Aotearoa New Zealand. Despite its importance, much remains unknown about historical relationships and gene flow between populations of this enigmatic species within New Zealand. To help inform management, we assembled a draft G.

On the invalid resurrection of the lamprey genus Exomegas Gill, 1883.

The lamprey genus Exomegas Gill, 1883, was erected on the assumption that it was distinguishable from Geotria Gray, 1851, by possessing three rather than two cusps on the transverse lingual lamina (TLL). Based on literature review and examination of holotypes and new data, the authors reaffirm that the TLL of Geotria possesses two or three cusps in the adult stage. The reduction or disappearance of the middle cusp at the beginning or during the spawning run constitutes a key feature of Geotria.

Slippery when wet: cross-species transmission of divergent coronaviruses in bony and jawless fish and the evolutionary history of the .

The comprise a genetically diverse group of positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus families that infect a range of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Recent metagenomic studies have identified nido-like virus sequences, particularly those related to the , in a range of aquatic hosts including fish, amphibians, and reptiles. We sought to identify additional members of the in both bony and jawless fish through a combination of total RNA sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) and data mining of published RNA sequencing data and from this reveal more of the long-term patterns and processes of coronavirus evolution.

A comparison of passage efficiency for native and exotic fish species over an artificial baffled ramp.

This study used an experimental approach to compare the passage success of native and exotic fish species from the temperate Southern Hemisphere over an artificial baffled fish ramp designed for overcoming low-head (≤1.0 m) fish migration barriers. Passage efficiency was, on average, lower for the exotic species [koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)] compared to the native species [inanga (Galaxias maculatus), redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni) and common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus)].

Morphometric and physical characteristics distinguishing adult Patagonian lamprey, Geotria macrostoma from the pouched lamprey, Geotria australis.

The pouched lamprey, Geotria australis Gray, 1851, has long been considered monotypic in the Geotriidae family with a wide southern temperate distribution across Australasia and South America. Recent studies have provided molecular and morphological evidence for a second Geotria species in South America; Geotria macrostoma (Burmeister, 1868). The aim of this study was to determine morphometric and physical characteristics of adult G.

Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest due to Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia/Fibrillation.

Background: Survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are very low and neurologic recovery is poor. Innovative strategies have been developed to improve outcomes. A collaborative extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) program for out-of-hospital refractory pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) and/or ventricular fibrillation (VF) has been developed between The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Columbus Division of Fire.

Revalidation of the Argentinian pouched lamprey Geotria macrostoma (Burmeister, 1868) with molecular and morphological evidence.

Background: The Argentinian pouched lamprey, classified as Petromyzon macrostomus Burmeister, 1868 was first described in 1867 in De La Plata River, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and subsequently recorded in several rivers from Patagonia. Since its original description, the validity of P. macrostomus was questioned by several ichthyologists and 36 years after its original discovery it was considered a junior synonym of Geotria australis Gray, 1851.

Intra- and Interspecific Variation in Production of Bile Acids That Act as Sex Pheromones in Lampreys.

Pheromones are important sexual signals in most animals, but research into their evolution is largely biased toward insects. Lampreys are a jawless fish with a relatively well-understood pheromone communication system, and they offer a useful opportunity to study pheromone evolution in a vertebrate. Once sexually mature, male sea lamprey () and likely other lampreys produce and release bile acids that act as sex pheromones.

Evidence for partial overlap of male olfactory cues in lampreys.

Animals rely on a mosaic of complex information to find and evaluate mates. Pheromones, often consisting of multiple components, are considered to be particularly important for species-recognition in many species. Although the evolution of species-specific pheromone blends is well described in many insects, very few vertebrate pheromones have been studied in a macro-evolutionary context.

The mitogenomes of the pouched lamprey (Geotria australis) and least brook lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera) with phylogenetic considerations.

We report the mitogenomes of the pouched lamprey (Geotria australis) and least brook lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera) in the families Geotriidae and Petromyzontidae, respectively. Both of the mitogenomes contain the 37 typical vertebrate genes. Their gene order and contents are identical to those of previously described lamprey mitogenomes.

Chemical analysis of aquatic pheromones in fish.

Pheromones are chemicals that pass between members of the same species that have inherent meaning. In the case of fish, pheromones are water-soluble and found in low concentrations. As such, sensitive and selective methods are needed to separate and analyze these pheromones from an environmental matrix that may contain many other chemicals.

A sensitive analytical method for quantifying petromyzonol sulfate in water as a potential tool for population monitoring of the southern pouched lamprey, Geotria australis, in New Zealand streams.

The migratory southern pouched lamprey, Geotria australis, is a culturally important fish native to New Zealand. Anecdotal evidence suggests that populations of G. australis have declined from historic levels, and presently, this species is rare in many New Zealand rivers and streams.

A rapid, sensitive, and selective method for quantitation of lamprey migratory pheromones in river water.

The methodology of using fish pheromones, or chemical signatures, as a tool to monitor or manage species of fish is rapidly gaining popularity. Unequivocal detection and accurate quantitation of extremely low concentrations of these chemicals in natural waters is paramount to using this technique as a management tool. Various species of lamprey are known to produce a mixture of three important migratory pheromones; petromyzonol sulfate (PS), petromyzonamine disulfate (PADS), and petromyzosterol disulfate (PSDS), but presently there are no established robust methods for quantitation of all three pheromones.

Time intervals of cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure.

Systolic and diastolic time intervals were measured in 11 patients with heart failure before and 1 and 3 months after the placement of atrial biventricular pacemakers for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). CRT shortened the preejection period, principally by reducing left ventricular (LV) electromechanical delay with lesser reduction of isovolumic contraction time, and shortened the duration of LV systole, with a consequent trend of lengthening diastolic time.

Subacute effusive-constrictive pericarditis: diagnosis by serial echocardiography.

We report the case of a 30-year-old man with acute pericarditis in whom effusive-constrictive physiology developed rapidly in less than 2 weeks. Serial echocardiography demonstrated a dramatic change in the appearance of the pericardial effusion and the pericardial space. The patient underwent pericardiectomy with symptom relief.

Do community based self-reading sphygmomanometers improve detection of hypertension? A feasibility study.

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and ischaemic heart disease. Most hypertension is detected opportunistically by general practitioners. Those who rarely use medical services are less likely to have their blood pressure (BP) measured.

Addition of a left ventricular lead to conventional pacing systems in patients with congestive heart failure: feasibility, safety, and early results in 60 consecutive patients.

Left bundle branch block worsens congestive heart failure (CHF) in patients with LV dysfunction. Asynchronous LV activation produced by RV apical pacing leads to paradoxical septal motion and inefficient ventricular contraction. Recent studies show improvement in LV function and patient symptoms with biventricular pacing in patients with CHF.

The sensory basis of olfactory search behavior in banded kokopu ( Galaxias fasciatus).

The sensory basis of olfactory search behavior was investigated in the banded kokopu, Galaxias fasciatus, using a flow tank. In the presence of a 2 cm s(-1) current flow, banded kokopu use both water current and chemical information to locate a food odor source. The superficial neuromasts of the lateral line system mediate the rheotactic component of the odor search.