[ANAPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION OF METASTATIC PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA IN A CERVICAL LYMPH NODE - A TIMELINE].

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is accepted as transformation of a pre-existing glandular papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Anaplastic transformation within a neck PTC metastasis is extraordinary. We present a patient with an exceptional timeline of an untreated neck PTC recurrence and its rare anaplastic transformation.

Reversible conductive hearing impediments among patients with severe brain injury.

Rehabilitation of patients with severe traumatic brain injury may include auditory stimuli. Hampering the function of the external, middle ear or Eustachian tube generates a conductive auditory deficit up to 35 dB that may potentially hinder auditory rehabilitation. The objective was to evaluate the incidence of conductive hearing impediments among patients with severe brain injury.

Tinnitus Perspectives among Israeli Ear, Nose and Throat Physicians: A Nationwide Survey.

Objectives: To study the compliance of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physicians to the American Association Otolaryngology-Head - Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for tinnitus and to identify the disparity of both diagnosis and management options in the absence of a local protocol for the management of adult tinnitus.

Materials And Methods: A voluntary and anonymous questionnaire was emailed in a Google spread-out sheet format to all practicing ENT physicians across the country (n=370). Overall, 126 ENT physicians responded to the questionnaire (34% of the physicians to whom the questionnaire was sent).

The Middle Ear Cleft Status in a "Natural" Cohort With Eustachian Tube Dysfunction.

Background: The Eustachian tube (ET) has a major role in the middle ear (ME) pressure homeostasis. ET dysfunction is the accepted paradigm for pressure-related ME disorders. We studied the ME status in patients with severely diminished ET opening abilities, and anticipated to find ME disorders in most of them.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients With Vestibular Neuritis.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and vestibular neuritis (VN) in hospitalized adult patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital setting. The medical records of patients (aged over 18 years old) who were hospitalized between the years 2005 and 2014 with the diagnosis of VN were retrieved.

The Impact of Tobacco Smoking Upon Chronic/Recurrent Tonsillitis and Post Tonsillectomy Bleeding.

 Smoking has many adverse effects on the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. Outcomes may be developing tonsillar infections and predisposing for post tonsillectomy bleeding (PTB).  The objective of our study was to determine whether smokers have more chronic/recurrent tonsillitis indicating for tonsillectomy or develop more PTB episodes.

The effect of immunization with pneumococcal conjugated vaccines on Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance patterns in acute otitis media.

Following the introduction of 7- and 13-pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in Israel, we demonstrated that within Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) positive middle ear cultures, obtained from young children with severe acute otitis media (AOM) episodes, there were more penicillin-susceptible and less multi-drug resistant Sp isolates in PCV immunized children.

Laryngeal Side Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Objectives: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are common targeted drugs, used in the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies. These drugs present a multitude of potential adverse effects. Laryngeal manifestations, including laryngeal edema, secondary to TKIs treatment have not been well studied, despite their potential lethality.

Is primary hyperparathyroidism a risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer? An exemplar study and literature review.

Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with several cancer types, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Objective To explore further the relation between PHPT and PTC. Methods By considering patients with PHPT as extra-suspicious for PTC, we studied an exemplar group of patients with PHPT with a small (≤1 cm) thyroid nodule, which was negative in preoperative cytologic examination.

Otolaryngological aspects of sudden infant death syndrome.

Introduction: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is characterized by the sudden death of an apparently otherwise healthy infant, typically during sleep, and with no obvious case after a thorough post-mortem and scene death examination.

Objective: To address the problem from the otolaryngologist's perspective, describe relevant pathologies, discuss controversies and suggest preventive measures in high-risk populations.

Methodology: A MEDLINE search and hand search were conducted to identify reports published between 1969 and 2011 in the English language on the pathophysiology of SIDS related to the head and neck organs.

Head and neck manifestations of 22q11.2 deletion syndromes.

The allelic loss of 22q11.2 results in various developmental failures of pharyngeal pouch derivatives ("22q11.2 deletion syndromes", 22q.

Laryngocele: a rare long-term complication following neck surgery?

Introduction: Laryngocele is an abnormal dilatation of the laryngeal saccule. Suggested etiologies include congenital enlargement of the saccule, weakness of laryngeal tissues, and increased intralaryngeal pressure. Only a few reports have described the late evolution of laryngocele following neck surgery.

Changing trends of peritonsillar abscess.

Objective: This retrospective, cohort study aims to assess the changing characteristics of peritonsillar abscess (PTA).

Method: Data were obtained from PTA patient records admitted to a secondary hospital over a 10-year period.

Results: A total of 427 patients, aged 31.

Laryngeal cancer in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

With improved survival, more AIDS patients, especially heavy smokers and alcohol abusers, may be confronted with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Since curative treatment may require aggressive combined therapy, these patients, often suffering from immunosupression and poor general condition, present unique therapeutic challenges. The objective of the study was to describe treatment dilemmas.

The growth rate and size of the mastoid air cell system and mastoid bone: a review and reference.

This review suggests a reference to the postnatal growth of mastoid air cells and bone. Information was retrieved from studies having large consecutive age groups, in order to reveal a development pattern. Data regarding origin, gender, and antibiotic treatment was investigated as well.

Middle ear pressure change as a function of body position.

Objective: To verify and assess immediate middle ear (ME) pressure changes as a function of body position.

Study Design: A prospective clinical trail.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-six adult volunteers having 52 normal, healthy ears had tympanometric ME pressures measured in an upright and recumbent positions.

Modified endoscopic swallowing test for improved diagnosis and prevention of aspiration.

Laryngopharyngeal sensation is important in the normal process of swallowing, it is often impaired after neurological events and it has been common practice in such an occurrence to order non-oral tube feeding to prevent aspiration. This study assesses a novel approach to the evaluation of the laryngopharyngeal sensation that allows for improved triage of aspiration risk and more lenience towards oral feeding. This is a case series with follow-up period ranging from 6 to 24 months.

Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy: "studies by nature".

The American Food and Drug Administration approval of parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration for osteoporosis as well as the possibility for its future therapeutic applications requires an examination of the suggested association between PTH and cancer, particularly osteosarcomas. The objective was to evaluate such a connection by collecting observational data from two groups of patients, designated as "studies by nature". Cohort 1: Medical records of all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism that were treated in a referral center during a 12-year period were retrospectively reviewed for malignancy before, at the time or after diagnosis.

Age as a prognostic factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: should older patients be treated differently?

Objective: In an aging society, one may expect to encounter more seniors with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The objective of this study was to question the appropriateness of feasible aggressive curative treatment for these older patients.

Design: A retrospective study.

Passive and dynamic properties of the eustachian tube: quantitative studies in a model.

Objective: To question the conception of Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction by investigating some of its passive and active properties.

Background: Middle ear (ME) fluid accumulation accompanied by a negative pressure is generally accepted to be induced by ET dysfunction, implying that the origin of pathology is within the tube.

Methods: Pressure changes were continuously and directly measured in a ME model having human dimensions, constructed with a patent ET, and employing different mastoid sizes.

Exceptionally elevated creatine kinase levels in a laryngectomized patient: hypothyroid myopathy.

We present a laryngectomized patient with unspecific complaints of fatigue whose laboratory findings were out of proportion with the clinical presentation. The enormously high blood levels of creatine kinase (CPK) (8000 IU/l, normal range 30-190 IU/l) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (100 mU/l, normal range 0.5-4.