A Novel Lipid Nanoparticle NBF-006 Encapsulating Glutathione S-Transferase P siRNA for the Treatment of KRAS-Driven Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancers, and KRAS mutations occur in 25% to 30% of NSCLC. Our approach to developing a therapeutic with the potential to target KRAS-mutant NSCLC was to identify a new target involved in modulating signaling proteins in the RAS pathway. Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP), known as a phase II detoxification enzyme, has more recently been identified as a modulator of MAPK-related cell signaling pathways.

Artificial Intelligence in Colorectal Cancer Surgery: Present and Future Perspectives.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision (CV) are beginning to impact medicine. While evidence on the clinical value of AI-based solutions for the screening and staging of colorectal cancer (CRC) is mounting, CV and AI applications to enhance the surgical treatment of CRC are still in their early stage. This manuscript introduces key AI concepts to a surgical audience, illustrates fundamental steps to develop CV for surgical applications, and provides a comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art of AI applications for the treatment of CRC.

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for colorectal peritoneal metastases: analysis of short- and long-term outcomes.

Background: Peritoneal metastases carry the worst prognosis among all sites of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases. In recent years, the advent of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has improved survival for selected patients with limited peritoneal involvement. We report the evolution of CRS and HIPEC for colorectal peritoneal metastases at a tertiary referral center over a 10-year period.

The impact of gastrojejunostomy orientation on delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single center comparative analysis.

Background: Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) represents the most frequent complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of gastrojejunostomy (GJ)orientation on DGE incidence after PD.

Methods: One-hundred and twenty-one consecutive PDs were included in the analysis and divided in the horizontal (H-GJ group) and vertical GJ anastomosis groups (V-GJ group).

Laparoscopic vs. open resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) from gastric origin: different approaches for different diseases.

Background: Although minimally-invasive techniques are currently recognized as effective and validated treatment for small gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), the role of laparoscopy is not yet established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic treatment of gastric GISTs compared to the results obtained in a group of patients treated with conventional surgery.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed, using a prospectively maintained comprehensive database of 100 patients treated for gastric GIST in the period from 2000 to 2015.

The role of mesopancreas excision for ampullary carcinomas: a single center propensity-score matched analysis.

Background: Few evidences are available on the prognostic role of mesopancreas excision(MPe) for ampullary cancers(ACs). Aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes between pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) with(PD-MPe group) and without(sPD group) MP.

Methods: Thirty-seven sPDs were matched and compared to 37 PD-MPes for perioperative outcomes, recurrence rate, disease-free(DFS) and overall survival(OS).

The impact of the multidisciplinary tumor board (MDTB) on the management of pancreatic diseases in a tertiary referral center.

Background: The implementation of multidisciplinary tumor board (MDTB) meetings significantly ameliorated the management of oncological diseases. However, few evidences are currently present on their impact on pancreatic cancer (PC) management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the MDTB on PC diagnosis, resectability and tumor response to oncological treatment compared with indications before discussion.

Robotic rectal resection: oncologic outcomes.

Robotic surgery has progressively gained popularity in the treatment of rectal cancer. However, only a few studies on its oncologic effectiveness are currently present, with contrasting results. The purpose of this study is to report a single surgeon's experience on robotic rectal resection (RRR) for cancer, focusing on the analysis of oncologic outcomes, both in terms of pathological features and long-term results.

From biology to surgery: One step beyond histology for tailored surgical treatments of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer related death. Although its incidence is globally declined, prognosis remains dismal in the Western hemisphere, while better outcomes are evidenced in Asian countries. Endoscopic or surgical resection with or without lymphadenectomy represents the only chance of cure, with limited improvements of the prognosis in case of associated chemotherapy in a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting.

Propensity score-matched comparison of short- and long-term outcomes between surgery and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for intestinal type early gastric cancer (EGC) of the middle and lower third of the stomach: a European tertiary referral center experience.

Background: Despite the comparable results between ESD and gastrectomy reported in multiple Asiatic studies, limited data are currently present on the long-term efficacy of ESD for EGC in Western countries. The aim of this study was to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of the endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgery for non-diffuse early gastric cancer treatment in a Western cohort of patients.

Methods: All patients with a diagnosis of intestinal type EGC located in the middle and lower third of the stomach from 2005 to 2015 were enrolled in the study.

Total mesopancreas excision for periampullary malignancy: a single-center propensity score-matched comparison of long-term outcomes.

Purpose: Few comparative studies are available on the long-term prognostic role of mesopancreas (MP) excision after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We compared the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing standard PD (sPD) and PD with MP excision (PD-MPe).

Methods: Sixty sPDs were compared to 60 matched PD-MPe patients for intraoperative and postoperative data, histopathological findings, and long-term outcomes.

Atypical presentation of acute pancreatitis: a single center case-match analysis of clinical outcomes.

Objective: Acute pancreatitis (AP) may present an aspecific clinical picture without abdominal symptoms (atypical AP). We compared clinical outcomes between typical and atypical AP.

Patients And Methods: Thirty out of 1163 patients (2.

Colonoscopy quality assessment and accuracy: analysis of the influencing factors and surgical sequelae on 216 colonoscopies.

Objective: Colonoscopy is recognized as the primary screening test for colorectal cancer. However, its inaccuracy in identifying the exact tumor localization is still high. As a consequence, repeated colonoscopies and changes in the surgical management have been reported.

Open versus minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer: a single-center cohort study on 237 consecutive patients.

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is gaining popularity in rectal tumor treatment. However, contrasting data are available regarding its safety and efficacy. Our aim is to compare the open and MIS approaches for rectal cancer treatment.

Single-Docking Full Robotic Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Single-Center Experience.

Purpose: Robotic surgery has gradually gained importance in the treatment of rectal cancer. However, recent studies have not shown any advantages when compared with laparoscopy. The objective of this study is to report a single surgeon's experience in robotic rectal surgery focusing on short-term and long-term outcomes.

The hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced abdominopelvic cancer. Personal experience on 103 procedures during a seventeen year period in a single Italian center.

Objective: Integration of different therapeutic strategies in cancer surgery in the last years has led from treating primary lesions to the surgical treatment of metastases. The purpose of this paper is to report a single Italian center experience of treatment of peritoneal carcinosis of the abdominopelvic malignancies.

Patients And Methods: 103 HIPEC procedures were performed in 17 years on 94 selected patients affected by abdominopelvic cancer.

[Risk factors and screening for cardiac disease, carotid stenosis and aortic aneurysms in Sicily (Italy): a population-based cross sectional survey].

A cross-sectional survey was performed among 50 to 75 year-old residents in the town of Regalbuto in Sicily (Italy), to evaluate risk factors and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in this geographically- defined population. Subjects were invited to participate by letter and those accepting to participate were asked to complete a questionnaire collecting personal data and information regarding the presence of risk factors for CVD. All participating subjects aged >50 years and with a minimum of four risk factors for CVD (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity) were screened for cardiac disease and carotid stenosis (> 50% stenosis).

ADAM-10 could mediate cleavage of N-cadherin promoting apoptosis in human atherosclerotic lesions leading to vulnerable plaque: a morphological and immunohistochemical study.

Atherosclerosis remains a major cause of mortality. Whereas the histopathological progression of atherosclerotic lesions is well documented, much less is known about the development of unstable or vulnerable plaque, which can rupture leading to thrombus, luminal occlusion and infarct. Apoptosis in the fibrous cap, which is rich in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages, and its subsequent weakening or erosion seems to be an important regulator of plaque stability.

Computerized tomography and 3-D rendering help to select surgical strategy in leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava.

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare tumor that is usually fatal. The tumor may grow very slowly or occasionally very rapidly, shows extensive local invasion, and metastasizes more frequently than previously believed. Complete surgical resection remains the only potential curative therapeutic option.

Management of duodeno-pancreato-biliary perforations after ERCP: outcomes from an Italian tertiary referral center.

Background: The management of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) perforation is often unknown by many physicians, and there is a paucity of literature regarding the best surgical management approach.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review of ERCP-related perforations to the duodeno-pancreato-biliary tract observed at the Digestive Surgery Department of the Catholic University of Rome was conducted to identify their optimal management and clinical outcome.

Results: From January 1999 to December 2011, 30 perforations after ERCP were observed.

Prevalence and type of BRCA mutations in Hispanics undergoing genetic cancer risk assessment in the southwestern United States: a report from the Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and type of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) mutations among Hispanics in the Southwestern United States and their potential impact on genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA).

Patients And Methods: Hispanics (n = 746) with a personal or family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer were enrolled in an institutional review board-approved registry and received GCRA and BRCA testing within a consortium of 14 clinics. Population-based Hispanic breast cancer cases (n = 492) enrolled in the Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry, negative by sequencing for BRCA mutations, were analyzed for the presence of the BRCA1 ex9-12del large rearrangement.

Complications related to hyperthermia during hypertermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemiotherapy (HIPEC) treatment. Do they exist?

Background And Objectives: Hyperthermia, either alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, is becoming more and more a clinical reality for the treatment of far advanced gastrointestinal cancers, acting as a cytotoxic agent at a temperature between 40-42.5 degrees C. Although hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is demonstrated to have some benefit in selected patients with peritoneal seeding, there are not enough data on the risk of damage of normal tissue that increases as the temperature rises, with possible serious and, sometimes, lethal complications.

Cannulation of the right axillary artery for extracorporeal circulation in aortic surgery through a left thoracotomy: a novel technique.

Extensive aortic disease, such as atherosclerosis with aneurysms or dissections that involve the ascending aorta, can complicate the choice of a cannulation site for cardiopulmonary bypass. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion through the right axillary artery has proved to be a reliable and valuable method for cerebral protection in aortic surgery. In the supine position it is an artery straightforward to access, it is more complicated in the right thoracoabdominal position.