Disturbance rejecting PID-FF controller design of a non-ideal buck converter using an innovative snake optimizer with pattern search algorithm.

The optimal design of a proportional-integral-derivative controller with two cascaded first-order low-pass filters (PID-FF) for non-ideal buck converters faces significant challenges, including effective disturbance rejection, robustness to parameter variations, and the mitigation of high-frequency signal noise, with existing approaches often struggling and leading to suboptimal performance in practical applications. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a constraint on the open-loop crossover frequency to mitigate high-frequency noise and ensuring the controller prioritizes maintaining constant output voltage and robust responsiveness to input voltage and load current variations. This study also introduces an innovative metaheuristic algorithm, the opposition-based snake optimizer with pattern search (OSOPS), designed to address these limitations.