Report of fertility in a woman with a predominantly 46,XY karyotype in a family with multiple disorders of sexual development.

Context: We report herein a remarkable family in which the mother of a woman with 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis was found to have a 46,XY karyotype in peripheral lymphocytes, mosaicism in cultured skin fibroblasts (80% 46,XY and 20% 45,X) and a predominantly 46,XY karyotype in the ovary (93% 46,XY and 6% 45,X).

Patients: A 46,XY mother who developed as a normal woman underwent spontaneous puberty, reached menarche, menstruated regularly, experienced two unassisted pregnancies, and gave birth to a 46,XY daughter with complete gonadal dysgenesis.

Results: Evaluation of the Y chromosome in the daughter and both parents revealed that the daughter inherited her Y chromosome from her father.

Evaluation of p16INK4a in cervical lesion of premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Pap smears of postmenopausal women are often misdiagnosed because of the difficulty in distinguishing atrophic epithelial cells groups only by morphological criteria. In this study we investigated the diagnostic application of immunocytochemical staining of p16INK4a on conventional Pap smear. A total of 137 cervical specimens were enrolled in this study, of which 77 and 60 cervical smears were taken from premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively.

Adjuvant therapy after radical surgery of cervical cancer: Zagreb experience.

The results of the analysis of the treatment of 72 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix are presented. Seventy-two patients with Stage IB1 carcinoma of the cervix underwent a radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The low-risk group includes the patients without unfavourable prognostic factors that were treated by surgery alone.

[Alternative hormone therapy in postmenopause].

Despite the fact that hormonal combination used in huge Wpmen's Health Initiative (WHI) is not common all over the world, and treated population is, because of age, in risk per se, study results have consternated not only lay users, but prescribers too. Namely, increased cancer, stroke and coronary heart disease risk associated with long term use of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) have rapidly declined the number of women treated with HT (either estrogen alone or estrogen plus progestogen). Considering recent position statements from leading organizations dealing with menopause, individualization of therapy and lower dosage HT becomes the state of the art.

Possible role of bacterial and viral infections in miscarriages.

Objective: To determine the role of infections in miscarriages. Chorionic villi from aborted material were subjected to cytogenetic evaluation and analyzed for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), adeno-associated virus (AAV), and human papillomaviruses (HPV).

Design: Retrospective study.

Menopause in Croatia. Socio-demographic characteristics, women's attitudes and source of information, compliance with HRT.

Objectives: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in Croatian postmenopausal women, attitudes towards it and factors influencing this decision.

Methods: A total of 1100 women were interviewed in Ob/Gyn offices using self-response questionnaire of 56 items, dealing with demographic data, personal and family medical history, surgeries, menstrual and menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), sexuality, knowledge and attitudes towards the menopause and HRT.

Results: The adherence to HRT in Croatia was found to be very short, averaging only 3 months.