Recommendations for Defining and Reporting Adherence Measured by Biometric Monitoring Technologies: Systematic Review.

Background: Suboptimal adherence to data collection procedures or a study intervention is often the cause of a failed clinical trial. Data from connected sensors, including wearables, referred to here as biometric monitoring technologies (BioMeTs), are capable of capturing adherence to both digital therapeutics and digital data collection procedures, thereby providing the opportunity to identify the determinants of adherence and thereafter, methods to maximize adherence.

Objective: We aim to describe the methods and definitions by which adherence has been captured and reported using BioMeTs in recent years.

The yield of preoperative sequential routine scalp EEGs in patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy for mesial temporal sclerosis.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy syndrome (MTLES) is the most common surgically remediable epileptic syndrome in adults. Its diagnosis is easy when clinical history is supported by positive laboratory findings. However, routine EEG may not be informative in some patients, thus delaying accurate diagnosis.

L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria: report of four Turkish adult patients.

Background: l-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a rare progressive neurometabolic disorder of childhood inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Urine organic-acid screening is necessary for its diagnosis. Although it is a disorder of childhood, recently adult cases have been reported.

Prognosis of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis.

Purpose: Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most common pathology in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). There are a few reports concerning prognosis in patients with MTLE-HS treated medically. The study was carried out to determine the clinical risk factors affecting prognosis.

Predictive factors for postoperative outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy according to two different classifications.

Purpose: The determination of prognostic factors is important for predicting outcome after epilepsy surgery. We investigated the factors related to surgical outcome within a homogeneous group of patients suffering from pathologically proven mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS), and compared Engel's outcome classification system with the latest one proposed by the ILAE.

Method: We included 109 patients with MTLE-HS who were followed-up for at least 1 year after epilepsy surgery.

Focal EEG findings in juvenile absence syndrome and the effect of antiepileptic drugs.

The presence of focal EEG abnormalities in juvenile absence syndrome (JAS) may cause it to be misdiagnosed as focal epilepsy. The purpose of our study was to determine the presence of focal EEG abnormalities in patients with JAS and to ascertain whether some clinical features or antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have an effect on focality. Serial EEGs of 52 consecutive patients with JAS were retrospectively analyzed.

Investigation of HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, HHV-6 and HHV-8 DNA by real-time PCR in surgical resection materials of epilepsy patients with mesial temporal lobe sclerosis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of viral DNAs of HSV-1, HSV-2, HHV-6, HHV-8, and CMV in hippocampus of the patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) syndrome.

Methods: Pathological specimens were obtained from 33 patients with MTLE undergone temporal lobectomy with amygdalo-hippocampectomy due to intractable seizures. Autopsy materials from the hippocampus of 7 patients without neurological disease were used as controls.

Eye closure sensitivity and epileptic syndromes: A retrospective study of 26 adult cases.

Purpose: The transient, mainly generalized, together with brief changes in EEG baseline immediately after eye closure, is called 'eye closure sensitivity' (ECS) which was first reported by Robinson in 1930 and there have been limited number of studies investigating ECS and epilepsy syndromes. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the possible relationship between ECS and the epilepsy syndromes in our adult patients.

Patients And Methods: Adult patients monitored in Hacettepe University Hospitals EEG Laboratory, from January 1995 to December 2005, were screened retrospectively for the presence of ECS.

Structural lesions in periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs).

In this study we investigated the structural lesions of patients with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) to determine the possible relationship of lesions to PLEDs' localization on EEG and to metabolic abnormality. Clinical findings and electroencephalography (EEG), computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the 71 adult patients with PLEDs were evaluated. Stroke, herpes encephalitis and intracranial tumor or abscess were the most common etiological factors.

Generalised periodic epileptiform discharges: clinical features, neuroradiological evaluation and prognosis in 37 adult patients.

Generalised periodic epileptiform discharges (GPEDs) are very rare patterns and are classified as periodic short-interval diffuse discharges (PSIDDs), periodic long-interval diffuse discharges (PLIDDs) and suppression-burst patterns according to the interval between the discharges. In this study we analysed the demographics, history of the seizures during the current illness, mental status, diagnosis, metabolic abnormalities, neuroimaging studies and prognosis of 37 adult patients who had GPEDs in their EEGs. Ages ranged from 17 to 82 years (mean 45 years).

Epilepsia partialis continua: clinical and electrophysiological features of adult patients.

In this study we reviewed the clinical, electrophysiological and neuroimaging data of 21 patients with epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), which is a rare form of epilepsy with focal motor seizures persisting hours to years. We found infections, cerebrovascular events and tumors as the most common causes of EPC in adults. SSPE was also shown as a cause of EPC.

The value of provocation methods in patients suspected of having non-epileptic seizures.

Non-epileptic seizures (NES) are reported in 18-23% of patients referred to comprehensive epilepsy centres. Non-epileptic seizures may also be present in 5-20% of the patients who are diagnosed as having refractory seizures. Because of their prevalence, financial and psychosocial outcomes cannot be ignored and accurate diagnosis is of the utmost importance.

Rotatory seizures in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

Rotatory seizures have been reported in association with focal intracranial lesions. This type of seizure was also described in patients with primary generalized epilepsies. To our knowledge, there is only one previous publication denoted an association between juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and rotatory seizures.

Circling seizures.

Twelve cases with circling seizures are presented with their clinical, electroencephalographic and radiological findings. Four patients had symptomatic partial epilepsy, five had cryptogenic partial epilepsy, and the remaining three had idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Three of the patients with symptomatic partial epilepsy had frontal lesion, and one had parito-occipital lesion.

Atypical EEG findings in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

A total of 72 EEGs from 57 patients with SSPE were studied. The EEG studies in SSPE revealed periodic high amplitude complexes in all except one. Besides periodic complexes, we found several atypical EEG findings including frontal rhythmic delta activity in intervals between periodic complexes, electrodecremental periods following EEG complexes, diffuse sharp waves and sharp-and-slow-wave complexes over frontal regions, and focal abnormalities, such as sharp wave and sharp and slow wave foci, which have been rarely reported previously.

Late onset absence seizures in multiple sclerosis: a case report.

A 38-year-old woman was admitted to hospital because of generalized tonic-clonic attacks and late onset absence seizures. EEG and Video-EEG showed 3-4 hz generalized spike and wave discharges lasting 1-8 seconds, which were associated with impairment of consciousness and unresponsiveness. MR scan revealed multiple demyelinating lesions, including the most prominent one in the mesial frontal region that we suppose might be responsible for electroclinical absence seizures.

Seizures with negative phenomena.

Somatic inhibitory seizures and amnesic seizures are thought to occur rarely. We describe a patient with both types of seizures who initially presented with a clinical picture of transient ischemic attack. Neuroradiological investigations revealed a lesion probably a cavernoma located above the parietooccipital sulcus in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus.

Humoral and cellular immune parameters in untreated and phenytoin-or carbamazepine-treated epileptic patients.

The peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, serum immunoglobulins (Ig A, G, M), and C3 and C4 complement protein concentrations were determined in 40 healthy subjects, 30 phenytoin-treated, 22 carbamazepine-treated and 38 untreated epileptic patients. The levels of beta-lymphocytes, IgM and C3 complement proteins were found to be significantly higher in untreated epileptics than in healthy controls (P < 0.01, P < 0.

Status epilepticus following iohexol myelography.

Iohexol, a contrast medium widely used for myelography, has rarely been reported to cause convulsive disorders. A case of status epilepticus resulting from iohexol myelography is reported and problems of treatment are discussed.

Neurophysiological studies of patients with classical phenylketonuria: evaluation of results of IQ scores, EEG and evoked potentials.

Neurophysiological studies were conducted in 42 patients with classical phenylketonuria. The results of the intelligence quotient scores, electroencephalogram, visual evoked potentials and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials were evaluated. When compared with the controls, the subjects demonstrated a significant prolongation in VEP P1 and BAEP I-V interpeak latencies and an increase in VEP N1P1 amplitudes.

Hot water epilepsy.

The clinical and EEG features of 10 patients with hot water epilepsy were presented. Eight of the 10 cases were male. The mean age of onset was 4.

EEG and the linear skull fractures.

The EEGs of 111 children under the age of 16, and 21 adults after a head injury with a linear skull fracture were reviewed. From our results it can be concluded that linear skull fractures do not add any significant abnormality or any variation to what is stated for EEGs of minimal to mild concussions.

The prognosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in adults. Report of 8 cases and review of the literature.

In this article, 8 cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) are presented with a review of the literature. The symptoms developed during pregnancy in 2 cases. All of the patients died within 1 year duration except one.

Whistling epilepsy: a case report.

Whistling, as an ictal symptom, has been previously reported in frontal lobe epilepsy. For the first time in the literature, we present a patient with complex partial seizures of the temporal region associated with this peculiar symptom.