Volumetric and functional connectivity changes of the thalamic nuclei in different stages of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: Memory processes known to be impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are maintained by a large-scale neurocognitive network with subcortical components, including the thalamus. Therefore, we aimed to examine the volumetric and functional changes of the thalamic nuclei at different scales across AD stages.

Methods: MRI data of patients diagnosed with 20 AD dementia (ADD), 30 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 30 subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) were used.

Hyperconnecitivity between dorsal attention and frontoparietal networks predicts treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) presented with repetitive obsessions and/or compulsions were associated with disrupted resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC). To investigate the pharmacological treatment effect on rs-FC changes in OCD patients we conducted the seed-to-voxel FC analyses using dorsal attention network (DAN), default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and frontoparietal network (FPN) and basal ganglia seeds. Twenty-two healthy subjects and twenty-four unmedicated OCD patients underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Morphometric analysis of medial temporal lobe subregions in Alzheimer's disease using high-resolution MRI.

The spread pattern of progressive degeneration seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) to small-scale medial temporal lobe subregions is critical for early diagnosis. In this context, it was aimed to examine the morphometric changes of the hippocampal subfields, amygdala nuclei, entorhinal cortex (ERC), and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) using MRI. MRI data of patients diagnosed with 20 Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD), 30 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 30 subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) without demographic differences were used.

Altered learning and transfer abilities in Korsakoff's syndrome depending on task complexity.

Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is characterized by episodic memory impairment due to damage to the medial diencephalic structures. Although commonly associated with chronic alcoholism, starvation due to the hunger strike is one of its nonalcoholic causes. Learning the stimulus-response associations and transferring the just-learned associations to novel combinations were previously tested by specific tasks in memory-impaired patients with hippocampal, basal forebrain, and basal ganglia damage.

Evaluation of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder.

Objective: The most prominent functional magnetic resonance imaging findings about social anxiety disorder are increased activity in emotional regulation areas (amygdala, insula, hippocampus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) and fear circuit, and altered activity in prefrontal cortex. This study aims to investigate network abnormalities during resting state.

Method: Resting state functional magnetic resonance images of 21 drug-free patients with social anxiety disorder and 21 healthy controls (matched on age, gender, and years of education) were recorded.

Altered Resting State Functional Connectivity and Its Correlation with Cognitive Functions at Ultra High Risk for Psychosis.

The aim of this study is to identify robust resting state-functional connectivity (rs-FC) alterations and their correlations with the neuropsychological characteristics of Ultra-High Risk (UHR) for psychosis subjects compared to healthy controls (HCs). Twenty individuals with UHR and sixteen HCs underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and a cognitive battery evaluating attention, episodic memory and executive functions. Compared to HCs, UHR individuals showed working memory and set-shifting impairments.

Default mode and dorsal attention network involvement in visually guided motor sequence learning.

Motor sequence learning (MSL) paradigms are often used to investigate the neural processes underlying the acquisition of complex motor skills. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have indicated an early stage in which spatial learning is prominent and a late stage of automatized performance after multiple training periods. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies yielded both decreased and increased activations of the sensorimotor and association areas.

Functional connectivity disturbances of ascending reticular activating system and posterior thalamus in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in relation with photosensitivity: A resting-state fMRI study.

Objective: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is typified by the occurrence of myoclonic seizures after awakening, though another common trait is myoclonic seizures triggered by photic stimulation. We aimed to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) of nuclei in the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS), thalamus and visual cortex in JME with and without photosensitivity.

Methods: We examined 29 patients with JME (16 photosensitive (PS), 13 non- photosensitive-(NPS)) and 28 healthy controls (HCs) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Functional connectivity analysis of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy displaying different ictal propagation patterns.

The pathophysiology of switch-of lateralization and bilateral temporal asynchrony, which are scalp EEG ictal propagation patterns (iPP) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), is poorly understood. We aimed to analyse functional connectivity (FC) of the temporal lobe and related areas in patients with TLE with iPP (iPP-TLE) and without iPP (non-iPP TLE). Twelve patients with iPP-TLE, 13 patients with non-iPP TLE, and 13 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional MRI (fMRI).

B-Tensor: Brain Connectome Tensor Factorization for Alzheimer's Disease.

AD is the highly severe part of the dementia spectrum and impairs cognitive abilities of individuals, bringing economic, societal and psychological burdens beyond the diseased. A promising approach in AD research is the analysis of structural and functional brain connectomes, i.e.

Functional neural substrates of football fanaticism: Different pattern of brain responses and connectivity in fanatics.

Aim: Sports activities provide social interaction for humans. Commitment to a given team is a salient feature of being a sports fan and becomes a prominent part of self-identification for fanatics. Emotion, subjective hedonic experience, and non-romantic love are related to fan behaviors.

White-matter changes in early and late stages of mild cognitive impairment.

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is characterized by cognitive deficits that exceed age-related decline, but not interfering with daily living activities. Amnestic type of the disorder (aMCI) is known to have a high risk to progress to Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. Identification of very early structural changes in the brain related to the cognitive decline in MCI patients would further contribute to the understanding of the dementias.

Implicit contextual learning in spinocerebellar ataxia.

Objective: Cerebellum is traditionally associated with motor functions, but recently its functions were broadened to include cognitive and affective functions as well. The impairment of these nonmotor functions was subsumed under the term cerebellar cognitive-affective syndrome (CCAS). Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a family of hereditary degeneration, which is associated with progressive atrophy of the cerebellum.

Intrinsic functional connectivity in social anxiety disorder with and without comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Neuroimaging research about social anxiety disorder (SAD) points to hyperactivity in the fear circuit and altered connectivity between the fear circuit and the intrinsic connectivity networks that modulate it. We investigated intrinsic functional connectivity changes in SAD patients by taking into consideration the commonly overlooked comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We compared intrinsic functional connectivity alterations in 16 patients with pure SAD, 18 patients with SAD and comorbid ADHD and 21 healthy controls using seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses.

A combined VBM and DTI study of schizophrenia: bilateral decreased insula volume and cerebral white matter disintegrity corresponding to subinsular white matter projections unlinked to clinical symptomatology.

Purpose: Grey matter and white matter changes within the brain are well defined in schizophrenia. However, most studies focused on either grey matter changes or white matter integrity separately; only in limited number of studies these changes were interpreted in the same frame. In addition, the relationship of these findings with clinical variables is not clearly established.

Evidence for alterations of the right inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculi in patients with social anxiety disorder.

The aim of our study was to detect white matter (WM) regions being involved in the pathophysiology of SAD. We applied diffusion tensor imaging in 22 consecutive adult patients (11 women and 11 men) with SAD and 22 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects. We examined white matter (WM) alterations between the patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and healthy controls by a whole-brain analysis.