Development of Highly Efficient Resistance to () in Sugar Beet () via CRISPR/Cas9 System.

Beet Curly Top Iran Virus (BCTIV, ) is a dominant and widespread pathogen responsible for great damage and yield reduction in sugar beet production in the Mediterranean and Middle East. CRISPR-based gene editing is a versatile tool that has been successfully used in plants to improve resistance against many viral pathogens. In this study, the efficiency of gRNA/Cas9 constructs targeting the expressed genes of BCTIV was assessed in sugar beet leaves by their transient expression.

Differences in the perspectives of functioning and health in the ICF model between patients with brachial plexus birth injury and their parents versus healthcare professionals.

Purpose: To explore and compare the perspectives of patients and their parents (PPs) with a brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) with those of health care professionals (HCPs).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a study using a questionnaire among PPs and HCPs. Importance of different outcome categories was scored on a Likert scale.

Genome-based identification of beet curly top Iran virus infecting sugar beet in Turkey and investigation of its pathogenicity by agroinfection.

Beet curly top disease (BCTD) is a yield-limiting viral infection of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) throughout the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Two virus species, belonging to two different genera of the family Geminiviridae (Curtovirus and Becurtovirus) had been described as the disease's causative agents on sugar beet. Despite the detection of the BCTD in some sugar beet fields of Turkey sixty years ago, the genome based characterization of BCTD-associated viruses have not been studied previously.

Capsular resection versus capsular repair in direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: Optimal exposure through the direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) conducted on a regular operating theatre table is achieved with a standardized capsular releasing sequence in which the anterior capsule can be preserved or resected. We hypothesized that clinical outcomes and implant positioning would not be different in case a capsular sparing (CS) technique would be compared to capsular resection (CR).

Methods: In this prospective trial, 219 hips in 190 patients were randomized to either the CS (n = 104) or CR (n = 115) cohort.

Orthostatic retractor placement reduces operating time and post-operative inflammatory response during the learning curve of anterior approach THA.

Introduction: Handheld retractor placement (HHRP) is prone to repetitive repositioning. This could lead to muscle damage especially during a procedure with a steep learning curve. In an attempt to minimize retractor repositioning during the learning curve of direct anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty (THA), we used a table mounted orthostatic retractor placement (ORP) device.

What Range of Motion is Achieved 5 Years After External Rotationplasty of the Shoulder in Infants with an Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury?

Background: Obstetric brachial plexus injuries result from traction injuries during delivery, and 30% of these children have persisting functional limitations related to an external rotation deficit of the shoulder. Little is known about the long-term effect of soft-tissue procedures of the shoulder in patients with obstetric brachial plexus injuries.

Questions/purposes: (1) After soft-tissue release for patients with passive external rotation less than 20° and age younger than 2 years and for patients older than 2 years with good external rotation strength, what are the improvements in passive external rotation and abduction arcs at 1 and 5 years? (2) For patients who underwent staged tendon transfer after soft-tissue release, what are the improvements in active external rotation and abduction arcs at 1 and 5 years? (3) For patients with passive external rotation less than 20° and no active external rotation, what are the improvements in active external rotation and abduction arcs at 1 and 5 years?

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a longitudinally maintained institutional database.

Outcome measures used in clinical studies on neonatal brachial plexus palsy: A systematic literature review using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Background: Symptoms of a neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) can vary widely among individuals and numerous clinical studies have been performed to identify the natural history and to improve treatment. The aim of this study was to identify and describe all outcome measures used in clinical studies on patients with an NBPP and categorize these outcome measures according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Method: Electronic searches of different databases were carried out.

Concepts of functioning and health important to children with an obstetric brachial plexus injury: a qualitative study using focus groups.

Aims: The aims of this study were to explore and understand the perspectives of children with an obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) regarding functioning and health, and to create an overview of problems and difficulties that patients encounter in daily life.

Method: We conducted a focus group study with 48 children (25 male, 23 female), aged 8 to 18 years, with an OBPI. Eleven open-ended questions regarding problems or difficulties in daily life were asked in group sessions with 4 to 7 children within the same age range.

Differential distribution of activated spinal neurons containing glycine and/or GABA and expressing c-fos in acute and chronic pain models.

The inhibitory transmitters GABA and glycine play an important role in modulating pain transmission, both in normal and in pathological situations. In the present study we have combined in situ hybridization for identifying spinal neurons that use the transmitter(s) glycine and/or GABA (Gly/GABA neurons) with immunohistochemistry for c-fos, a marker for neuronal activation. This procedure was used with acute pain models induced by the injection of capsaicin or formalin; and chronic pain models using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA, chronic inflammation), and the spared nerve injury (SNI) model (neuropathic pain).