Effect of anesthesia on electrocorticography for localization of epileptic focus: Literature review and future directions.

Intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) is a useful technique to guide resections in epilepsy surgery and is mostly performed under general anesthesia. In this systematic literature review, we seek to investigate the effect of anesthetic agents on the quality and reliability of ECoG for localization of the epileptic focus. We conducted a systematic search using PubMed and EMBASE until January 2019, aiming to review the effects of anesthesia on ECoG yield.

Brief history of electrical cortical stimulation: A journey in time from Volta to Penfield.

Objective: To recount the evolution of Electrical Cortical Stimulation (ECS) in localizing brain functions with an emphasis on epilepsy, and a discussion of related instruments and personnel.

Design/methods: Literature review through historical archives implementing chain-referral sampling.

Results: There were important milestones leading to the incorporation of ECS into practice: 1.

Yield of repeat routine MEG recordings in clinical practice.

From 377 consecutive MEG studies for patients with intractable epilepsy performed at the Cleveland Clinic between 2008 and 2011, 19 patients were referred for a repeat MEG. Source localization was done using a single equivalent current dipole (ECD) model on identified interictal spike activity. Clinical, neuroimaging, and concurrent EEG and MEG findings were reviewed.