Exploring the GSTP1 inhibition potential of photosensitizer compounds for enhanced cancer treatment in photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained considerable attention in cancer treatment due to its non-invasive nature and the ability of photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species upon light activation, leading to tumor destruction. Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is a key enzyme in chemotherapy resistance, often overexpressed in various cancers, and its inhibition of GSTP1 presents a promising strategy to enhance cancer treatment. This study is aimed at assessing the potential of prominent photosensitizers as GSTP1 inhibitors through molecular docking analysis to strengthen the efficacy of PDT.

Investigation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-regulated chaperones as biomarkers in idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia.

Azoospermia is a condition in which sperm cells are completely absent in a male's ejaculate. Typically, sperm production occurs in the testes and is regulated by a complex series of cellular and molecular interactions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress arises when there is a deviation from or damage to the normal functions of the ER within cells.

Butyrylcholinesterase in lipid metabolism: A new outlook.

Cholinesterase enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are traditionally associated with the termination of acetylcholine mediated neural signaling. The fact that these ubiquitous enzymes are also found in tissues not involved in neurotransmission has led to search for alternative functions for these enzymes. Cholinesterases are reported to be involved in many lipid related disease states.

Novel activity of human BChE: Lipid hydrolysis.

Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) typically hydrolyze the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The multifunctional enzyme BChE is associated with lipid metabolism through an undefined mechanism. Based on lipid-related studies and by comparing the structural similarities between lipases and BChE we postulated that the association of BChE with lipid metabolism could occur through hydrolytic activity.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in serotonergic neurons improves stress resilience and promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stimulates adult neurogenesis, but also influences structural plasticity and function of serotonergic neurons. Both, BDNF/TrkB signaling and the serotonergic system modulate behavioral responses to stress and can lead to pathological states when dysregulated. The two systems have been shown to mediate the therapeutic effect of antidepressant drugs and to regulate hippocampal neurogenesis.

Relation between orexin A and epileptic seizures.

Introduction: One of the unknown mechanisms in epilepsy pathogenesis is the involvement of the hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin. Although the relationship between orexin and sleep has been revealed, its effect in epilepsy has not been fully clarified. In this study, we aimed to show the relationship between orexin A and the seizures that occur during sleep and wakefulness.

Melatonin is effective in attenuating cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity.

Cisplatin (Cis) is a chemotherapeutic agent that has many side effects. Neurotoxicity is one of the most important of these side effects. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are the best-known mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurotoxicity development.

cAMP/PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in hippocampus of rats subjected to chemically-induced phenylketonuria.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error disease in phenylalanine metabolism resulting from defects in the stages of converting phenylalanine to tyrosine. Although the pathophysiology of PKU is not elucidated yet, the toxic effect of phenylalanine on the brain causes severe mental retardation. In relation to learning and memory, the hippocampal PKA / CREB / BDNF pathway may play a role in learning deficits in PKU patients.