Algorithm of the major and minor diagnostic criteria for active myopic choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: To propose an algorithm of the major and minor diagnostic criteria for macular myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV).

Methods: This single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study was based in Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy. Two authors evaluated the clinical and imaging parameters of eyes with high myopia (spherical equivalent of -6D or less) and suspected to have naïve, recurrent, or inactive mCNV.

Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19: Results from the SERPICO-19 study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated to microvascular alterations. We screened the fundus of patients with COVID-19 to detect alterations of the retina and its vasculature and to assess possible correlations with clinical parameters.

Methods: Cross-sectional study.

The In Vivo Correlation between Retinal Pigment Epithelium Thickness and Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence in a White Population.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of age on the thickness of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/Bruch's membrane (BM) complex and the quantitative autofluorescence (qAF) and to study the possible correlation existing between these 2 parameters in a healthy White population.

Design: Cross-sectional, observational study.

Participants: Healthy White volunteers aged 18 to 65 years.

Large Idiopathic Macular Hole Surgery: Remodelling of Outer Retinal Layers after Traditional Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling or Inverted Flap Technique.

Objective: To investigate the influence of the inverted flap technique compared with traditional internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in the postoperative remodelling of outer retinal layers of idiopathic macular holes (MHs) >450 µm.

Methods: We analyzed medical records and imaging studies of all patients with an idiopathic MH >450 µm who underwent vitrectomy at the Sacco University Hospital, Milan, and the Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy, between January 2008 and December 2017. Out of 41 eyes evaluated, 17 were treated with traditional ILM peeling and 24 with the inverted ILM flap technique.

Normative Data for Retinal-Layer Thickness Maps Generated by Spectral-Domain OCT in a White Population.

Purpose: (1) To collect a dataset of normative Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) thickness map values for single retinal layers automatically segmented by Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) in a healthy white population. (2) To test the effect of age, sex, and axial length (AXL) on such values.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

The Incidence of Neovascularization in the Fellow Eye of Patients with Unilateral Choroidal Lesion: A Survival Analysis.

Purpose: To compare the difference in the rate of survival of unaffected fellow eyes between choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the first eyes and retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) in the first eyes.

Design: Cohort retrospective study.

Participants: A total of 329 consecutive patients enrolled in our Eye Clinic between February 2006 and November 2014 were involved in the study.

Correction: The absence that makes the difference: choroidal abnormalities in Legius syndrome.

Correction to: Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication 27 July 2017; https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.

COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN THE STUDY OF TYPE AND ACTIVITY OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULAR MEMBRANES IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

Purpose: To determine interobserver and intraobserver agreement in classifying the subtypes of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the decision of retreatment in patients affected by exudative age-related macular degeneration. Different imaging techniques were evaluated individually and compared with multiimaging.

Methods: Fifty-two patients with naive CNV in age-related macular degeneration were evaluated after 3 monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab.

Imaging of tangential traction types in lamellar macular holes.

Purpose: To determine the best imaging procedure for the definition of tangential tractions generated by epiretinal membranes in lamellar macular holes.

Methods: Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of lamellar macular hole with tractional epiretinal membranes based upon fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging (HRA + OCT Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Tangential tractions were evaluated with infrared reflectance (IR; 820 nm) and OCT en face (193 B-scans, 30 × 20°pattern size, 31 μm between two consecutive B-scans).

The absence that makes the difference: choroidal abnormalities in Legius syndrome.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation of multiple tissues of neural crest origin, and presents mainly with multiple café-au-lait macules, axillary freckling and neurofibromas. Choroidal involvement in NF1 patients has been studied, thanks to the development of non-invasive tools such as infrared monochromatic light during fundus examination, which showed bright patchy lesions consistent with choroidal nodules. Choroidal abnormalities identified with near-infrared reflectance have reported with a frequency of up to 100% in NF1, and have been recently been proposed as a novel diagnostic criterion for NF1.

Choroidal characteristics of acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is an idiopathic disorder characterized by serous detachments of the neurosensory retina and/or the retinal pigment epithelium affecting the macular area in the majority of cases. The objective of this study was to describe choroidal findings in patients with acute and chronic CSC based on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography analysis.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional, noninterventional study performed at Luigi Sacco University Hospital of Milan.

RETINAL ANGIOMATOUS PROLIFERATION DIAGNOSIS: A Multiimaging Approach.

Purpose: To identify signs occurring more frequently in retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) lesions compared with other types of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, 30 patients were evaluated. These signs were correlated with the type of CNV: shunting of blood flow to the lesion by fluorescein angiography, late leakage by indocyanine green angiography, intraretinal cysts and retinal pigmented epithelium interruption along the retinal pigmented epithelium detachment with a hyperreflective oval area by spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and presence of reticular pseudodrusen by infrared light.

Neurological assessment with validated tools in general ICU: multicenter, randomized, before and after, pragmatic study to evaluate the effectiveness of an e-learning platform for continuous medical education.

Background: International guidelines recommend systematic assessment of pain, agitation/sedation and delirium with validated scales for all ICU patients. However, these evaluations are often not done. We have created an e-learning training platform for the continuous medical education, and assessed its efficacy in increasing the use of validated tools by all medical and nursing staff of the participating ICUs during their daily practice.

Diabetic retinopathy screening: the first telemedical approach in an Italian hospital.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of a telemedical approach for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in the Italian population and to evaluate advantages/disadvantages in comparison to standard slit-lamp funduscopic examination (SFE).

Methods: This 1-year, Italian, single-center, observational study evaluated semiautomatic fundus photography (FP) DR screening, performed during routine type 2 diabetes (T2D) systemic visits and examined remotely. Adults with T2D underwent SFE and 3-field FP.

Re-accumulation of macular pigment after successful macular hole surgery.

Aims: To investigate macular pigment optical density (MPOD) during follow-up of sealed macular holes and to study correlations of MPOD with progressive changes in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and functional results.

Methods: Consecutive patients (n=18) who had undergone successful vitrectomies for idiopathic macular holes were evaluated postoperatively at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. At each follow-up visit, MPOD was measured with a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and the outer retina evaluated by SD-OCT.

Three-Dimensional Morphometric Analysis of the Iris by Swept-Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in a Caucasian Population.

Purpose: We analyzed by swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT) the three-dimensional iris morphology in a Caucasian population, and correlated the findings with iris color, iris sectors, subject age, and sex.

Methods: One eye each from consecutive healthy emmetropic (refractive spherical equivalent ± 3 diopters) volunteers were selected for the study. The enrolled eye underwent standardized anterior segment photography to assess iris color.

Choroidal granulomas visualized by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To assess the visualization of choroidal granulomas (CG) by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and to describe their EDI-OCT characteristics.

Methods: Combined indocyanine green (ICG) angiography and EDI-OCT images of 44 CG (sarcoid, tubercular, or Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada related) were reviewed. By ICG angiography, CG were classified as full thickness or partial thickness and as small or large.

Intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks: a long-term follow-up study.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) to treat choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with angioid streaks.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 16 eyes of 10 patients treated with IVB for CNV secondary to angioid streaks between November 2005 and November 2011. Intravitreal bevacizumab was performed in all patients with a pro re nata regimen.

In vivo analysis of the iris thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in providing in vivo measurements of iris thickness in healthy and pathological subjects.

Methods: 14 healthy volunteers and 14 patients with unilateral Fuchs' uveitis were enrolled in the study. The two groups were comparable for age, gender and race.

Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness in Alzheimer's disease using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate differences between the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and RNFL + ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: This was a case-control prospective study. Twenty-one AD patients and 21 healthy subjects underwent neurological examination, clock-drawing test (CDT), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation with visual acuity.

Retrobulbar structure visualization with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To assess enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) visualization of deep posterior pole structures and retrobulbar tissues in myopic eyes and evaluate ocular structural elements that influence this capability.

Methods: Thirty consecutive myopic eyes (>-6 diopters) from 21 patients were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included any pathological condition affecting the posterior pole.

Aligning scan locations from consecutive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography examinations: a comparison among different strategies.

Purpose: We compared intrasession repeatability values produced by different spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) instruments when measuring macular retinal thickness from consecutive examinations.

Methods: A total of 40 eyes from 23 healthy subjects and 47 eyes from 42 patients with macular edema were enrolled in the study. Subjects underwent two consecutive SD-OCT examinations using three instruments: spectralis HRA+OCT, Cirrus, and RS 3000.

Bias reduction in repeated-measures observational studies by the use of propensity score: the case of enteral sedation for critically ill patients.

Purpose: Within the evidence-based medicine paradigm, randomized controlled trials represent the "gold standard" to produce reliable evidence. Indeed, planning and implementing randomized controlled trials in critical care medicine presents limitations because of intrinsic and structural problems. As a consequence, observational studies still occur frequently.

Talking to the senses: modulation of tactile extinction through hypnotic suggestion.

Following brain damage, typically of the right hemisphere, patients can show reduced awareness of sensory events occurring in the space contralateral to the brain damage. The present work shows that a hypnotic suggestion can temporarily reduce tactile extinction to double bilateral stimulation, i.e.

The natural history of lamellar macular holes: a spectral domain optical coherence tomography study.

Background: To study the evolution of lamellar macular holes (LMHs) using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: Thirty-four consecutive patients diagnosed with a LMH were followed prospectively at Sacco University Hospital from October 2008 to January 2011. Inclusion criteria were a foveal defect on SD-OCT with residual foveal tissue above the retinal pigment epithelium and corresponding hyperautofluorescence on fundus autofluorescence imaging.