Circulating mucosal-like IgA responses increase with severity of Puumala orthohantavirus-caused hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Old World Orthohantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) characterized by increased vascular permeability and acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite the systemic nature of the disease, the virus enters humans through inhalation and therefore initially encounters the immunoglobulin class A (IgA) dominated mucosal immune system. Herein, we characterized systemic IgA responses and their potential relationship to the mucosal immune activation by examining blood samples obtained from patients hospitalized due to acute Puumala orthohantavirus infection.

SAR Analysis of Novel Coxsackie virus A9 Capsid Binders.

Enterovirus infections are common in humans, yet there are no approved antiviral treatments. In this study we concentrated on inhibition of one of the (EV-B), namely Coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9), using a combination of medicinal chemistry, virus inhibition assays, structure determination from cryogenic electron microscopy and molecular modeling, to determine the structure activity relationships for a promising class of novel -phenylbenzylamines. Of the new 29 compounds synthesized, 10 had half maximal effective concentration (EC) values between 0.