Colistin resistance in and in humans and backyard animals in Ecuador.

Objective: Colistin is an antibiotic of last resort for treating serious Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, the misuse of colistin, especially as an animal growth promoter, has contributed to increasing antimicrobial resistance, mediated mainly through plasmid transfer of the gene. This study assessed the prevalence of phenotypic and molecular colistin resistance in in Ecuador in healthy humans and their chickens and pigs.

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing in South America: A Systematic Review with a One Health Perspective.

Purpose: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae, which includes , has emerged as a global health threat. ESBL enzymes including CTX-M, TEM, and SHV are the most detected. Here, a systematic review was developed to assess the status of ESBLs in considering studies performed in the human, animal, food, and environmental realms in South America.

A four-year follow-up survey of antimicrobial resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii complex from inpatients in Southern Brazil.

Objectives: To determine the trends of antimicrobial resistance for Acinetobacter baumannii complex isolates recovered from inpatients over a 4-year follow-up survey.

Methods: A total of 659 A baumannii complex isolates were recovered from hospitalized patients in Porto Alegre and its metropolitan area, Southern Brazil, from 2017 to 2020. Susceptibility profile was determined for ampicillin/sulbactam, amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, minocycline, polymyxin B and tigecycline.

Evaluation of a polymyxin drop test for polymyxin resistance detection among non-fermentative gram-negative rods and enterobacterales resistant to carbapenems.

To assess the performance of the drop test for polymyxin B resistance detection among Enterobacterales and non-fermentative gram-negative rods resistant to carbapenems. Seven hundred and fifteen carbapenem-resistant isolates were tested: 628 Enterobacterales species and 87 non-fermentative gram-negative rods. For the polymyxin drop test, concentrations range from 0.

Impact of the blue-carba rapid test for carbapenemase detection on turnaround time for an early therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background: To determine the turnaround time from a blue-carba result until a final microbiological report (bacterial identification plus antimicrobial susceptibility profile) and to infer the impact of an early therapeutic intervention based on the blue-carba results.

Methods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were recovered from hospitalized patients from Porto Alegre, Brazil, and tested by blue-carba test. Time required for a blue-carba result, right after the sample processing, was compared with those required to get final report (specie identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile) Isolates blue-carba positive were tested by phenotypically and genotypically for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase and metallo-β-lactamase genes.

Evaluation of phenotypic tests to detect carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in colonized patients hospitalized in intensive care units.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of different phenotypic tests to detect carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Three different phenotypic methods were evaluated: (1) combined-disk test of meropenem plus phenylboronic acid or EDTA reading after 24h and 48h; (2) selective/chromogenic read after 24h and after 48h; and (3) overnight selective enrichment broth containing 10μg ertapenem disk followed by culture on MacConkey agar. A positive result in at least one of the methods was submitted to PCR for blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaKPC, blaSPM-1, blaIMP, and blaGES detection.

Rapid detection of Van genes in rectal swabs by real time PCR in Southern Brazil.

Introduction: Laboratory-based surveillance is an important component in the control of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE).

Methods: The study aimed to evaluate real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (genes vanA-vanB) for VRE detection on 115 swabs from patients included in a surveillance program.

Results: Sensitivity of RT-PCR was similar to primary culture (75% and 79.

Use of a novel selective medium to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in colonized patients of an intensive care unit.

Background: Detection of colonized patients is important for implementing control measures for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Laboratory detection of MRSA carriers is increased by the use of selective screening media, helping control dissemination of such organisms.

Objective: To evaluate three different media, including selective and nonselective media, in the detection of MRSA from clinical specimens of patients of an intensive care unit (ICU).

Agar diffusion, agar dilution, Etest, and agar screening test in the detection of methicillin resistance in staphylococci.

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus is an important worldwide problem. Resistance is verified in strains harboring the mecA gene and laboratory methods used to detect resistance are object of constant investigation. In the present study, 99 clinical isolates of staphylococci (41 S.