A Behavior Analytic Interpretation of Concussion Reporting in Athletes: How the Field of Behavior Analysis Can Help Make Athletes Safer.

Concussion resulting from athletic activities is a frequent occurrence in youth, collegiate, and professional sports. The first step in concussion treatment is usually the self-reporting of concussion symptoms by athletes. Unfortunately, over the past decade, concussion nondisclosure has remained a prominent concern in concussion identification.

Effect of statins on the plasma/serum levels of inflammatory markers in patients with cardiovascular disease; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: The anti-inflammatory properties of statins have been suggested by several researches. However, clinical trials have reported incongruous findings regarding the effect of statins on the levels of inflammatory markers other than high-sensitive C-reactive protein. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials were conducted to illuminate the effect of statins on serum levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, VCAM1, and IL-6 in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Behavioral Ethics: Ethical Practice Is More Than Memorizing Compliance Codes.

Disciplines establish and enforce professional codes of ethics in order to guide ethical and safe practice. Unfortunately, ethical breaches still occur. Interestingly, it is found that breaches are often perpetrated by professionals who are aware of their codes of ethics and believe that they engage in ethical practice.

A Preorganized Hydrogen-Bonding Motif for the Molecular Recognition of Carbohydrates.

The choice between adaptive and preorganized architectures, or of the most effective hydrogen bonding groups to be selected, are dilemmas that supramolecular chemists must address in designing synthetic receptors for such a challenging guest as carbohydrates. In this paper, structurally related architectures featuring two alternative hydrogen bonding motifs were compared to ascertain the structural and functional origin of their binding differences and the advantages that can be expected in monosaccharide recognition. A set of structurally related macrocyclic receptors were prepared, and their binding properties were measured by NMR and ITC techniques in chloroform vs a common saccharidic target, namely, the β-octyl glycoside of D-glucose.

Clinical and dermoscopic clues to differentiate pigmented nail bands: an International Dermoscopy Society study.

Background: Longitudinal melanonychia might be difficult to differentiate and the use of dermoscopy can be useful for the preoperative evaluation and management decision.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate clinical and dermoscopic criteria of acquired longitudinal melanonychia in adults to identify the best predictors of melanoma using a multivariate analysis and to explore eventual new dermoscopic criteria for nail melanoma diagnosis.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 82 histopathologically diagnosed, acquired nail pigmented bands were collected and examined.

IL-33 circulating serum levels are increased in patients with non-segmental generalized vitiligo.

IL-33 is a recently identified cytokine, encoded by the IL-33 gene, which is a member of the IL-1 family that drives the production of T-helper-2 (Th-2)-associated cytokines. Serum levels of IL-33 have been reported to be up-regulated in various T-helper (Th)-1/Th-17-mediated diseases, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel. To investigate whether cytokine imbalance plays a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, we performed a case-control association study by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of IL-33 in our patients.

Investigation of a reinforcement-based toilet training procedure for children with autism.

Independent toileting is an important developmental skill which individuals with developmental disabilities often find a challenge to master. Effective toilet training interventions have been designed which rely on a combination of basic operant principles of positive reinforcement and punishment. In the present study, the effectiveness of a reinforcement-based toilet training intervention was investigated with three children with a diagnosis of autism.

Hemisphericity style, sex, and performance on a line-bisection task: an exploratory study.

118 subjects classified as preferring either a right or a left hemisphericity style were asked to bisect a set of horizontal lines with each hand. Analyses showed no significant differences between right- and left-style subjects; however, men's performance indicated a significantly greater left pseudoneglect than women's.

[Distomatosis of the bile ducts, value of ultrasonics (apropos of a new case)].

The authors report on a new case of distomatosis localized in the main biliary duct. It has been revealed by a repeated angiocholitis, diagnosed only by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. They draw attention on the difficulties to diagnose this clinical form of distomatosis, and underline the interest of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and the selection of therapeutic means.

Ultrasonographic study of gallbladder motility during total parenteral nutrition.

Gallbladder sludge during total parenteral nutrition may be related to abnormal gallbladder motility. To test this hypothesis, gallbladder motility was assessed in 15 parenterally fed patients and in 22 controls using ultrasonography. Parenteral infusion was continuous in 10 cases and cyclic in 5 cases (6 PM to 10 AM).

[Spontaneous portacaval anastomoses by veins of the falciform ligament of the liver in cirrhosis. Their ultrasonic exploration].

The aim of this work was to study the portacaval shunts described by Sappey in the falciform ligament of the liver in the cirrhotic patient. Twenty men and 8 women (mean age: 63 years) were studied by ultrasonography. Ascites was present in 20 patients.

[Spontaneous splenorenal and splenocaval shunts studied by echotomography].

Spontaneous spleno-renal and spleno-caval shunts may be anatomically and functionally important in portal hypertension syndromes, as demonstrated by the distinct opacification of the inferior vena cava observed after portal venography with iodine contrast media. Part of the course of these porto-caval anastomotic vessels can be visualized by ultrasonography opposite the left adrenal gland and in the space between the spleen and the left kidney. The images obtained are characteristic enough for the diagnosis of spleno-renal shunt to be suspected before it is confirmed by portal venography, as was the case in the four patients with hepatic cirrhosis reported by the authors.