Toxicological problems of tattoo removal: characterization of femtosecond laser-induced fragments of Pigment Green 7 and Green Concentrate tattoo ink.

Femtosecond lasers represent a novel tool for tattoo removal as sources that can be operated at high power, potentially leading to different removal pathways and products. Consequently, the potential toxicity of its application also needs to be evaluated. In this framework, we present a comparative study of Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser irradiation, as a function of laser power and exposure time, on water dispersions of Pigment Green 7 (PG7) and the green tattoo ink Green Concentrate (GC), which contains PG7 as its coloring agent.

Measurement Equivalence of Family Functioning and Psychosis Risk Measures in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Decades of research show a clear link between family factors and psychopathology. Family functioning varies across cultures, suggesting potential cultural differences in the association between family factors and psychopathology. In addition, assessing family functioning generally involves tools not systematically validated for diverse cultural backgrounds.

The Saliva and Muscle Study (SaMu): Rationale and Protocol for Associations between Salivary Microbiome and Accelerated Muscle Ageing.

Background: The gut microbiome is recognized as a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology of sarcopenia-a condition marked by the accelerated loss of muscle strength, mass and function with ageing. Despite this well-known gut-muscle axis, the potential links between other microbial ecosystems and sarcopenia remain largely unexplored. The oral microbiome has been linked to various age-related health conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and colorectal cancer.

State of the Science: The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP).

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a dimensional framework for psychopathology advanced by a consortium of nosologists. In the HiTOP system, psychopathology is grouped hierarchically from super-spectra, spectra, and subfactors at the upper levels to homogeneous symptom components and maladaptive traits and their constituent symptoms, and maladaptive behaviors at the lower levels. HiTOP has the potential to improve clinical outcomes by planning treatment based on symptom severity rather than heterogeneous diagnoses, targeting treatment across different levels of the hierarchy, and assessing distress and impairment separately from the observed symptom profile.

The structured assessment of violence risk in youth demonstrates measurement invariance between Black and White justice-referred youths.

Objective: Identification and implementation of effective methods for reducing racial/ethnic bias and disparities in legal settings are paramount in the United States and other countries. One procedure originally thought to reduce bias in legal decisions is the use of risk assessment instruments, which is now being heavily scrutinized. Measurement invariance, a latent trait technique, is a robust method for assessing one form of bias.

3D Modeling: Insights into the Metabolic Reprogramming of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells.

Developing accurate in vitro models that replicate the in vivo tumor environment is essential for advancing cancer research and therapeutic development. Traditional 2D cell cultures often fail to capture the complex structural and functional heterogeneity of tumors, limiting the translational relevance of findings. In contrast, 3D culture systems, such as spheroids, provide a more physiologically relevant context by replicating key aspects of the tumor microenvironment.

Metabolic Crosstalk in Multimorbidity: Identifying Compensatory Effects Among Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia.

Context: Metabolomics is becoming increasingly popular for detecting markers that indicate the presence of a specific disease. However, it is usually applied to studying individual ailments, yielding results that may not be directly relevant to people with multiple health conditions.

Objective: Our study proposes a different approach to explore metabolic crosstalk between various disease states.

Examining measures of schizotypy for gender and racial bias using item response theory and differential item functioning.

Schizotypy involves schizophrenia-like traits and symptoms, with the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales (WSS) being frequently used in previous research. There is some evidence that schizophrenia-spectrum symptom levels, including when using the WSS, might vary both by gender and by race and ethnicity. However, previous research has rarely examined to what extent the WSS show gender and racial bias.

The grade of systemic inflammation, immune inhibition, and gut dysbiosis as prognostic factors for bladder cancer recurrence: a metabolomics approach.

Background: The risk of recurrence for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is high, and the current methods of predicting it rely on clinical and histopathological markers. Personalized risk assessment can be improved by including new prognostic biomarkers. Our research explores the potential of urinary metabolomics to predict cancer recurrence in NMIBC patients within three years.

Differential Risk: Gender and Racial Differences in the Relationship between Trauma, Discrimination, and Schizotypy.

Traumatic experiences are associated with increased experiences of positive schizotypy. This may be especially important for People of Color, who experience higher rates of trauma and racial discrimination. No study to date has examined how racial disparities in traumatic experiences may impact schizotypy.

Measurement invariance of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) across race/ethnicity and sex in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

There are numerous studies examining differences in the experience of disorders and symptoms of psychopathology in adolescents across racial or ethnic groups and sex. Though there is substantial research exploring potential factors that may influence these differences, few studies have considered the potential contribution of measurement properties to these differences. Therefore, this study examined whether there are differences across racial or ethnic groups and sex in the measurement of psychopathology, assessed in mother-reported behavior of 9-11 year old youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study sample using updated Child Behavior Checklist scales (CBCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001).

Tackling new psychoactive substances through metabolomics: UHPLC-HRMS study on natural and synthetic opioids in male and female murine models.

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) represent a broad class of drugs new to the illicit market that often allow passing drug-screening tests. They are characterized by a variety of structures, rapid transience on the drug scene and mostly unknown metabolic profiles, thus creating an ever-changing scenario with evolving analytical targets. The present study aims at developing an indirect screening strategy for NPS monitoring, and specifically for new synthetic opioids (NSOs), based on assessing changes in endogenous urinary metabolite levels as a consequence of the systemic response following their intake.

Psychosis superspectrum II: neurobiology, treatment, and implications.

Alternatives to traditional categorical diagnoses have been proposed to improve the validity and utility of psychiatric nosology. This paper continues the companion review of an alternative model, the psychosis superspectrum of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The superspectrum model aims to describe psychosis-related psychopathology according to data on distributions and associations among signs and symptoms.

Principles and procedures for revising the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology.

Quantitative, empirical approaches to establishing the structure of psychopathology hold promise to improve on traditional psychiatric classification systems. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a framework that summarizes the substantial and growing body of quantitative evidence on the structure of psychopathology. To achieve its aims, HiTOP must incorporate emerging research in a systematic, ongoing fashion.

Identification and quantification of polystyrene microplastics in marine sediments facing a river mouth through NMR spectroscopy.

Accurate identification and quantification of microplastic pollution in marine sediments are crucial for assessing their ecological impact. In this study, we explored the potential of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as an analytical tool for the analysis of microplastics in complex environmental matrices such as marine sediments. Two common plastic polymers, polystyrene (PS) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), were investigated.

Measurement invariance of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 across U.S. East Asian, Southeast Asian, and White participants.

The Personality Inventory for the (PID-5) was developed as a measure of the traits included in the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) in Section III of the DSM. The PID-5 is composed of 25 scales measuring each trait in the AMPD across five domains: negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, antagonism, and psychoticism. Previous research suggests that there may be important differences in the expression of personality pathology across race and culture, particularly between people with eastern and western cultural heritages.

The Urine Metabolome of R6/2 and zQ175DN Huntington's Disease Mouse Models.

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ)-encoding tract in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene to greater than 35 CAG repeats. It typically has a disease course lasting 15-20 years, and there are currently no disease-modifying therapies available. Thus, there is a need for faithful mouse models of HD to use in preclinical studies of disease mechanisms, target validation, and therapeutic compound testing.

Aberrant Salience Inventory: A meta-analysis to investigate its psychometric properties and identify screening cutoff scores.

Introduction: The Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) is a useful tool to measure salience abnormalities among the general population. There is strong clinical and scientific evidence that salience alteration is linked to psychosis. To the present day, no meta-analysis evaluating ASI's psychometric properties and screening potential has been published.

Biological Evaluation of Triorganotin Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents.

Metal-derived platinum complexes are widely used to treat solid tumors. However, systemic toxicity and tumor resistance to these drugs encourage further research into similarly effective compounds. Among others, organotin compounds have been shown to inhibit cell growth and induce cell death and autophagy.

Measurement invariance of commonly used psychosis-screening scales in U.S. Spanish- and English-speaking Hispanic participants.

Two of the most commonly used psychosis screening measures are the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B) and the Youth Psychosis at Risk Questionnaire-Brief (YPARQ-B). Both scales have considerable support for the reliability and validity of their scores for use with English- and Spanish-speaking participants, with measurement equivalence established across a subset of demographic characteristics. However, measurement invariance has not been examined across several important demographic variables, including native language, language of the scales used with Hispanic participants, education, occupation, income, birth country, and generation status.

Fatty acid acylated peptide therapeutics: discovery of omega-n oxidation of the lipid chain as a novel metabolic pathway in preclinical species.

We recently described C18 fatty acid acylated peptides as a new class of potent long-lasting single-chain RXFP1 agonists that displayed relaxin-like activities in vivo. Early pharmacokinetics and toxicological studies of these stearic acid acylated peptides revealed a relevant oxidative metabolism occurring in dog and minipig, and also seen at a lower extent in monkey and rat. Mass spectrometry combined to NMR spectroscopy studies revealed that the oxidation occurred, unexpectedly, on the stearic acid chain at ω-1, ω-2 and ω-3 positions.

Metabolic Reprogramming of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells as a Response to Chemotherapy.

Prostate cancer at the castration-resistant stage (CRPC) is a leading cause of death among men due to resistance to anticancer treatments, including chemotherapy. We set up an in vitro model of therapy-induced cancer repopulation and acquired cell resistance (CRAC) on etoposide-treated CRPC PC3 cells, witnessing therapy-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and chemoresistance among repopulating cells. Here, we explore the metabolic changes leading to chemo-induced CRAC, measuring the exchange rates cell/culture medium of 36 metabolites via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy.

Unraveling Pathophysiology of Takotsubo Syndrome: The Emerging Role of the Oxidative Stress's Systemic Status.

Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS) is usually triggered by emotional or physical stressors, thus suggesting that an increased sympathetic activity, leading to myocardial perfusion abnormalities and ventricular dysfunction, plays a major pathogenetic role. However, it remains to be elucidated why severe emotional and physical stress might trigger TTS in certain individuals but not others. Clinical research has been focused mainly on mechanisms underlying the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the occurrence of myocardial ischemia in TTS.

A Sustainable Hydroxypropyl Cellulose-Nanodiamond Composite for Flexible Electronic Applications.

Designing fully green materials for flexible electronics is an urgent need due to the growing awareness of an environmental crisis. With the aim of developing a sustainable, printable, and biocompatible material to be exploited in flexible electronics, the rheological, structural and charge transport properties of water-based hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-detonation nanodiamond (DND) viscous dispersions are investigated. A rheological investigation disclosed that the presence of the DND affects the orientation and entanglement of cellulose chains in the aqueous medium.

Structural insights on the selective interaction of the histidine-rich piscidin antimicrobial peptide Of-Pis1 with membranes.

Of-Pis1 is a potent piscidin antimicrobial peptide (AMP), recently isolated from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). This rich in histidines and glycines 24-amino acid peptide displays high and broad antimicrobial activity and no significant hemolytic toxicity against human erythrocytes, suggesting low toxicity. To better understand the mechanism of action of Of-Pis1 and its potential selectivity, using NMR and CD spectroscopies, we studied the interaction with eukaryotic and procaryotic membranes and membrane models.