HIV-1 Diversity and Drug Resistance in Treatment-Naïve Children and Adolescents from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can be transmitted via parenteral, sexual, or vertical exposure routes. The number of HIV-1 cases detected yearly in children and adolescents in Brazil did not decrease over the last decade, representing ~5% of total cases described in the country. In recent years, the HIV-1 diversity and the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) are moving toward a marked increase.