Quantitative proteomic analysis after neuroprotective MyD88 inhibition in the retinal degeneration 10 mouse.

Progressive photoreceptor death occurs in blinding diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is a central adaptor protein for innate immune system Toll-like receptors (TLR) and induces cytokine secretion during retinal disease. We recently demonstrated that inhibiting MyD88 in mouse models of retinal degeneration led to increased photoreceptor survival, which was associated with altered cytokines and increased neuroprotective microglia.

Proteomics of pseudoexfoliation materials in the anterior eye segment.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is characterized by the production of white extracellular fluffy clumps of microfibrillar material that aggregates in various organs throughout the body but is known to cause disease in the eye. The accumulation of PEX material (PEXM) in the anterior segment ocular structures is believed to cause an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG). The onset of PEXG is often bilateral but asymmetric-one eye often presents with glaucoma prior to the other eye.

Proteomic analysis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles from healthy donors: implications for proliferation, angiogenesis, Wnt signaling, and the basement membrane.

Background: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have shown therapeutic potential in various in vitro and in vivo studies in cutaneous wound healing. Furthermore, there are ubiquitous studies highlighting the pro-regenerative effects of BM-MSC extracellular vesicles (BM-MSC EVs). The similarities and differences in BM-MSC EV cargo among potential healthy donors are not well understood.

Hypoxia-Driven Oncometabolite L-2HG Maintains Stemness-Differentiation Balance and Facilitates Immune Evasion in Pancreatic Cancer.

In pancreatic cancer, the robust fibroinflammatory stroma contributes to immune suppression and renders tumors hypoxic, altering intratumoral metabolic pathways and leading to poor survival. One metabolic enzyme activated during hypoxia is lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). As a result of its promiscuous activity under hypoxia, LDHA produces L-2 hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG), an epigenetic modifier, that regulates the tumor transcriptome.

Parallel Multi-Omics in High-Risk Subjects for the Identification of Integrated Biomarker Signatures of Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Biomarkers are crucial for detecting early type-1 diabetes (T1D) and preventing significant β-cell loss before the onset of clinical symptoms. Here, we present proof-of-concept studies to demonstrate the potential for identifying integrated biomarker signature(s) of T1D using parallel multi-omics.

Methods: Blood from human subjects at high risk for T1D (and healthy controls; = 4 + 4) was subjected to parallel unlabeled proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics.

The effect of extrinsic Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Muller glia on retinal ganglion cell neurite growth.

Muller glia are the predominant glial cell type in the retina, and they structurally and metabolically support retinal neurons. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways play essential roles in the central nervous system, including glial and neuronal differentiation, axonal growth, and neuronal regeneration. We previously demonstrated that Wnt signaling activation in retinal ganglion cells (RGC) induces axonal regeneration after injury.

Differentiation of soluble aqueous humor metabolites in primary open angle glaucoma and controls.

We report an analysis of the aqueous humor (AH) metabolome of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in comparison to normal controls. The AH samples were obtained from human donors [control (n = 35), POAG (n = 23)]. The AH samples were subjected to one-dimensional H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses on a Bruker Avance 600 MHz instrument with a 1.

Aqueous humor metabolite profile of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is distinctive.

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) is a known cause of secondary open angle glaucoma. PEX glaucoma is associated with structural and metabolic changes in the eye. Despite similarities, PEX and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) may have differences in the composition of metabolites.

Isotopic Ratio Outlier Analysis (IROA) of Aqueous Humor for Metabolites.

"Omics" revolution during the last few decades has vastly increased the understanding of the biological processes that remained obscure in part due to the lack of quality data. Genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics form an invaluable array of fields that contribute holistically to a global understanding of the intertwined roles of the basic constituents of life and how they comprehensively paint a picture of disease. Metabolomics, in particular, is the study of metabolites, which are the products of cellular metabolic processes (small molecules, i.

Protein-Lipid Complex Separation Utilizing a Capillary Electrophoresis System.

The separation and analysis of protein-lipid complexes has proven to be challenging due to the harsh conditions required by conventional methods of protein or lipid isolation, which disrupt the fine forces that govern the interactions between lipid head groups and protein side chains. The method described in this publication presents an alternative for the separation of protein-lipid complexes while maintaining the integrity of their interactions. The method exploits the specific electrophoretic forces that are unique to the geometry of the capillary system and allows purification of intact complexes and the systematic analysis of its constituents.