Associations of childhood physical activity and screen time with cardiometabolic health in preteens who were born to mothers with previous macrosomic delivery: Findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study.

Background: Macrosomia (birthweight ≥4 kg) may alter the associations of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) throughout childhood with later cardiometabolic risk.

Objective: To investigate associations of PA and ST over a 4-6-year follow-up period with cardiometabolic outcomes in preteens (9-11-year-olds) who were born to mothers with previous macrosomic delivery.

Methods: This is an analysis of 402 preteens from the ROLO study, who were born to mothers that previously delivered an infant with macrosomia.

Childhood Nutritional Factors and Cardiometabolic Outcomes at 9-11 y of Age: Findings from the ROLO Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study.

Background: Childhood represents a critical period of nutritional risk in the programming of later chronic disease. Few longitudinal studies have explored repeated measures of nutrition throughout the first decade of life in relation to preteen cardiometabolic outcomes.

Objectives: This research aimed to explore associations of early feeding practices (human milk exposure and duration and timing of introduction to solids) and childhood dietary quality and inflammatory scores (at 5 and 9-11 y and change during childhood) on preteen cardiometabolic outcomes.

Stability of child appetitive traits and association with diet quality at 5 years and 9-11 years old: Findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study.

Background: We explored change in child appetitive traits from 5 to 9-11 years old and examined associations between appetitive traits at both timepoints and child diet quality.

Methods: This is secondary analyses of the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study, including mother-child dyads from the 5 and 9-11-year old follow-up. The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire measured child appetitive traits, with 167 children having matched data for both timepoints.

The impact of macrosomia on cardiometabolic health in preteens: findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study.

Background: Macrosomia (birthweight ≥ 4 kg or ≥ 4.5 kg) is strongly associated with a predisposition to childhood obesity, which in turn is linked with adverse cardiometabolic health. Despite this, there is a lack of longitudinal investigation on the impact of high birthweight on cardiometabolic outcomes in youth.

Including the child's voice in research from a longitudinal birth cohort: insights from the ROLO young person's advisory group.

Background: Public and patient involvement (PPI) through Young Person's Advisory Groups (YPAG) enables children to provide guidance and insight into research activities. PPI is an important characteristic of research, however, to date, most collaboration has been with adults. Also, few YPAGs have been established within the Irish setting.

Ecological factors and childhood eating behaviours at 5 years of age: findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study.

Background: Individual differences in children eating behaviours have been linked with childhood overweight and obesity. The determinants of childhood eating behaviours are influenced by a complex combination of hereditary and ecological factors. This study examines if key ecological predictors of childhood overweight; maternal socio-economic status (SES), children's screen time, and childcare arrangements, are associated with eating behaviours in children aged 5-years-old.

De-novo designed β-lysine derivatives can both augment and diminish the proliferation rates of E. coli through the action of Elongation Factor P.

An investigation into the effect of modified β-lysines on the growth rates of eubacterial cells is reported. It is shown that the effects observed are due to the post translational modification of Elongation Factor P (EFP) with these compounds catalysed by PoxA. PoxA was found to be remarkably promiscuous, which allowed the activity of a wide range of exogenous β-lysines to be examined.

No effect of calcium and vitamin D intake on maternal blood pressure in a healthy pregnant population.

Objectives: Clinical studies have reported an inverse relationship between calcium and vitamin D intake and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). The aim of this study was to investigate if there was an association between calcium/vitamin D intake, and vitamin D (25OHD) status, and maternal blood pressure (BP), during pregnancy and at 5-year follow-up.

Study Design: This was an observational study of 415 women who participated in the ROLO (Randomised cOntrolled trial of LOw glycaemic index diet for the prevention of recurrence of macrosomia) study.

The human tRNA-guanine transglycosylase displays promiscuous nucleobase preference but strict tRNA specificity.

Base-modification can occur throughout a transfer RNA molecule; however, elaboration is particularly prevalent at position 34 of the anticodon loop (the wobble position), where it functions to influence protein translation. Previously, we demonstrated that the queuosine modification at position 34 can be substituted with an artificial analogue via the queuine tRNA ribosyltransferase enzyme to induce disease recovery in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Here, we demonstrate that the human enzyme can recognize a very broad range of artificial 7-deazaguanine derivatives for transfer RNA incorporation.

Incidence of Congenital Hypothyroidism Over 37 Years in Ireland.

Background And Objectives: Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) is one of the most common preventable causes of learning disability. Newborn screening with whole-blood thyroid-stimulating hormone measurements was introduced in the Republic of Ireland in 1979 and is coordinated from a single center with an unchanged protocol since its inception. Our objective in this study was to describe the incidence of CHT in the Republic of Ireland over the past 37 years in the context of a complete national population and an unchanged screening protocol.

Coeliac screening in a high-risk population: paediatric type 1 diabetes-a review of current guidelines and practice.

Background And Aims: Coeliac disease (CD) is more common in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and may be asymptomatic despite the presence of intestinal histological changes. Optimal screening practice guidelines differ internationally. We undertook a retrospective audit to determine the efficacy of current screening practice for CD in T1DM in our centre.

Hyperglycemia and externalizing behavior in children with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Ancedotally, parents report behavioral changes in their diabetic children who have fluctuating blood glucose levels. This study aimed to test associations between intercurrent glycemia and child behavior in an ambulant setting.

Research Design And Methods: Prepubertal children attending the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, with type 1 diabetes received glycemic assessment and simultaneous behavioral assessment on two occasions 6 months apart.

A novel homozygous deletion in the calcium-sensing receptor ligand-binding domain associated with neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism.

Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) is a life-threatening disorder usually caused by homozygous mutations occurring in the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) gene. We examined an infant hospitalised with NSHPT for mutations in the CaR gene using heterozygous sequence analysis and confirmed this result by a restriction enzyme assay. Clinical management of this case, which was beset by other complications, involved control of the hypercalcemia and the effects of hyperparathyroidism by a combination of treatments prior to parathyroidectomy performed at 10 months.

Maternal primary hyperparathyroidism: discordant outcomes in a twin pregnancy.

The case reports a neonate (twin 2 of a twin girl pregnancy) presenting with seizures due to hypocalcaemia. The presumptive cause of the hypocalcaemia was maternal hyperparathyroidism with concurrent vitamin D deficiency. The first twin remained free of hypocalcaemia and was vitamin D replete, despite similar exposure in the pregnancy and similar postnatal care.

Primary ovarian failure and deletions of the long arm of chromosome 3.

A 14 year-old girl was found to have a deletion of the distal segment of chromosome 3 [46,XX,Del(3)(q28-29)]. The main features of this presentation were mild intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, short stature, kypho-scoliosis, and primary ovarian failure, an association that has not been described before in association with chromosome 3 deletion. The phenotype and presentation are compared with those of previous case reports.

Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolarity and hypernatremia: are high-carbohydrate drinks worsening initial presentation?

The case of five pediatric patients who presented to the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus between January 2001 and September 2003 is reported. Each case was complicated by hyperosmolarity and hypernatremia and required intensive therapy. Fluid intake prior to admission in each case was documented and consisted of between 5 and 12 L of carbonated carbohydrate beverages and 'isotonic' sports drinks.

K40E: a novel succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)B mutation causing familial phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

Objective: Germline mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)B, SDHC and SDHD, encoding three of the four subunits of mitochondrial complex II, have been implicated in the tumourigenesis of familial paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas. Twenty-three SDHB mutations have been identified to date.

Patients: We present a novel missense SDHB exon 2 mutation (c.

A 3-year prospective study to assess uterine growth in girls with Turner's syndrome by pelvic ultrasound.

Objective: Adult women with Turner's syndrome who have used the donor ovum IVF programme are reported to have reduced pregnancy outcome with an increased risk for first trimester spontaneous abortion. This is considered to be related to a small uterine size and reduced endometrial thickness. This study examines whether adequate oestrogen replacement during the early adolescent years will result in normal adult uterine dimensions, with consequent reduction in these pregnancy risks.

Iodine deficiency and goitre in schoolchildren in Melbourne, 2001.

Objective: To assess iodine status and goitre prevalence in a sample of schoolchildren in Melbourne.

Design: Cross-sectional study of urinary iodine excretion and presence of goitre in a sample of schoolchildren from Years 5-12 attending two urban schools.

Participants: 607 children aged 11-18 years consented to thyroid gland palpation and 577 provided a urine sample on the day of examination in August 2001.