Nutritional Factors and Therapeutic Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review.

To explore recent findings on how nutritional, gastrointestinal, social, and epigenetic factors interact in autism spectrum disorder, highlighting their implications for clinical management and intervention strategies that could improve development and quality of life of affected children. : Studies published from 2000 to 2024 in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs, and Google Scholar databases were collected. The process for the review adhered to the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis framework.

Triponderal Mass Index rather than Body Mass Index in discriminating high adiposity in Brazilian children and adolescents.

Introduction: body mass index (BMI) is used worldwide to track excess weight; however, it has limitations in predicting body fat percentage (BF%). Triponderal mass index (TMI) has been studied as an alternative indicator to predict BF%.

Objective: to compare BMI and TMI as predictors of BF% and develop TMI cutoff points for screening high adiposity in Brazilian children and adolescentes.

Long-Term Clinical and Sustained REMIssion in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma Treated With Mepolizumab: The REMI-M Study.

Background: Biological therapies, such as mepolizumab, have transformed the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. Although mepolizumab's short-term effectiveness is established, there is limited evidence on its ability to achieve long-term clinical remission.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of mepolizumab, explore its potential to induce clinical and sustained remission, and identify baseline factors associated with the likelihood of achieving remission over 24 months.

What causes obesity in children and adolescents?

Objective: To present the different aspects that may be involved in the genesis and maintenance of obesity in children and adolescents.

Data Source: Narrative review of articles published in the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, using the search terms: overweight, obesity, pre-conception, prenatal, infants, schoolchildren, children, and adolescents. The search was conducted in studies written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, including narrative, integrative or systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies, published between 2003 and 2023.

Clinical Evolution of Preschool Picky Eater Children Receiving Oral Nutritional Supplementation during Six Months: A Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: To determine if oral nutritional supplementation of picky eater children has a beneficial effect in addition to nutritional guidance on anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake, appetite, physical activity, and health complications.

Methods: This is a randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial that included Brazilian picky eater children aged 24 to 60 months. The individuals were randomized into a control group (CG) ( = 17) and an intervention group (IG) ( = 18), and were followed up in seven meetings for 180 days (baseline plus one meeting every 30 days).

Effectiveness of Benralizumab in OCS-Dependent Severe Asthma: The Impact of 2 Years of Therapy in a Real-Life Setting.

Unlabelled: Patients with severe OCS-dependent asthma can be considered a subgroup of asthma patients with severe disease and great risk of complications, related to chronic OCS use. The introduction of biological drugs has represented a turning point in the therapeutic strategy for severe asthma, offering a valid alternative to OCS. Benralizumab, like other anti-IL-5 agents, has been shown to reduce exacerbations and OCS intake/dosage and improve symptom control and lung function.

Severe Asthma Remissions Induced by Biologics Targeting IL5/IL5r: Results from a Multicenter Real-Life Study.

Add-on biological therapy has proven to be effective in many patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. In this observational multicenter retrospective study, we report the results obtained with mepolizumab and benralizumab in severe asthmatics treated for 12 months in a real-life setting. In these patients, peripheral eosinophil levels, pulmonary function trends, exacerbation rates, systemic corticosteroid use, and symptom control were evaluated during the observation period, to understand which patients met all the criteria in order to be considered in disease remission.

Eosinophilic inflammation: An Appealing Target for Pharmacologic Treatments in Severe Asthma.

Severe asthma is characterized by different endotypes driven by complex pathologic mechanisms. In most patients with both allergic and non-allergic asthma, predominant eosinophilic airway inflammation is present. Given the central role of eosinophilic inflammation in the pathophysiology of most cases of severe asthma and considering that severe eosinophilic asthmatic patients respond partially or poorly to corticosteroids, in recent years, research has focused on the development of targeted anti-eosinophil biological therapies; this review will focus on the unique and particular biology of the eosinophil, as well as on the current knowledge about the pathobiology of eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatic airways.

Anthropometric Indicators of Body Composition Associated With Lipid and Glycemic Profiles in Overweight Brazilian Children and Adolescents From 2008 to 2020.

Background: Anthropometric indicators have been used to predict health problems. The objective was to determine which indicators present better correlation with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and peripheral insulin resistance, as well as the cutoff points capable of predicting lipid and glycemic alterations in Brazilian children and adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with 568 overweight individuals, aged between 5 and 18 years, living in Southeast and South Brazilian regions, submitted to anthropometric and body composition evaluation by bioimpedance, in addition to fasting laboratory tests [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting glycemia, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)].

Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19: urgent attention required.

Objective: To identify epidemiological and clinical characteristics of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome associated with coronavirus infection as one of the severe forms of COVID-19 involvement in children and adolescents.

Methods: review was based on articles published in 2020 in the PubMed, Medline, Scopus, SciELO and Cochrane databases.

Summary: Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome is a serious clinical disorder that affects children and adolescents and is associated with the detection of previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

Prevalence of childhood anaemia in Brazil: still a serious health problem: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia in Brazilian children up to 83·9 months old.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis, using databases PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Lilacs, Google Scholar, Periódicos Capes, Arca, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Microsoft Academic Search and Cochrane Library using search terms: anaemia, prevalence, child and Brazil. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42020208818.

Vitamin A deficiency and association between serum retinol and IGF-1 concentrations in Brazilian children with Down syndrome.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and serum concentrations of retinol, correlating them with IGF-1 concentrations in preschoolers with DS.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 children with DS aged 24 to 72 months, in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. VAD was determined by the relative dose-response (RDR) test.

Assessment of nitric oxide metabolites concentrations in plasma, saliva, and breast milk and their relationship in lactating women.

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in many biological mechanisms. The amounts of physiologically produced NO are associated with the concentrations of its metabolites nitrate and nitrite. This study investigated whether there is any association between the concentrations of NO metabolites nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosylated species (RXNO) in mature breast milk, saliva, and plasma in healthy lactating women (N = 30).

COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review.

Objective: To identify factors that contribute to the increased susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in obese children and adolescents, and its health consequences.

Sources: Studies published between 2000 and 2020 in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Cochrane databases.

Summary Of Findings: Obesity is a highly prevalent comorbidity in severe cases of COVID-19 in children and adolescents; social isolation may lead to increase fat accumulation.

Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women's Health.

The offer of the maternal breast to the baby is an unquestionable right of mothers and their children, and all efforts should be made to promote, follow and maintain exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months and supplement it until the child completes 2 years of age. Many publications are available in the literature about the qualities of breast milk, its benefits and health repercussions, stimulating the practice of breastfeeding and supporting campaigns for its implementation. However, although it is widely known that breastfeeding is an important step in the reproductive process of women and its practice offers benefits to both mother and child, most of the available information highlights the benefits of breast milk for children, while mention of the effects of breastfeeding on the health of the mother is usually neglected.

Do all infants need vitamin D supplementation?

A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in children has been observed worldwide, but there are few studies on the nutritional status of vitamin D (VD) in healthy infants. The main cause of deficiency in healthy children is breastfeeding without supplementation and lack or insufficiency of sun exposure. The aims of this study were to determine serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and verify its association with parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations and use of VD supplementation in healthy infants aged ≥ 6 to ≤ 24 months attended at two Primary Health Care Units in Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo, Brazil.

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK IN OBESE CHILDREN.

Objective: To evaluate whether the obesity alters ultrasonographical markers of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in children.

Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated 80 children aged between 6 and 10 years, comparing 40 obese with 40 normal children. The following parameters were assessed: weight; height; body mass index; arterial blood pressure; body fat; basal metabolic rate; HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol; fasting insulin and glucose; quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI); homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); basal diameter of the brachial artery; brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) and of pulsatility index change (PI-C).

ACRODERMATITIS ENTEROPATHICA: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND PEDIATRIC DIAGNOSIS.

Objective: To report a case of acrodermatitis enteropathica, a rare disease with autosomal recessive inheritance.

Case Description: An 11-month-old boy was presenting symmetrical erythematous and yellowish-brownish crusted lesions on his face, feet, hands and knees, intermittent diarrhea, fever, and recurrent infections since the age of six months. He was thin and had scarce hair on the scalp.

Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Healthy Term Infants in the First Three Months of Life in Brazil.

Objective: Bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis (BIVA) can be considered a favorable method for evaluation and monitoring of nutritional and hydration status without assumptions regarding body composition or requirement of prediction formulas. The present study aimed to determine bivariate tolerance intervals of the whole-body impedance vector for healthy term infants aged 1 to 3 months.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study.

High Levels of Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 20 in Human Milk and Its Production by Oral Keratinocytes.

Background: Chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20) is implicated in the formation and function of mucosal lymphoid tissues. Although CCL20 is secreted by many normal human tissues, no studies have evaluated the presence of CCL20 in human milk or its production by oral keratinocytes stimulated by human milk.

Objective: To evaluate the presence of CCL20 in breast milk and verify CCL20 secretion in vitro by oral keratinocytes stimulated with human and bovine milk, as well as its possible association with breast milk lactoferrin levels.

Characteristics of sleep habits among adolescents living in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP).

Introduction: Sleep is an important physiological condition that plays a role in the physical and emotional development of adolescents. The aim of the study is to determine some sleep characteristics of adolescents living in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at 14 schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP) including adolescents aged 10-19 years using a questionnaire about sleep habits.