Efficacy and safety of advanced hybrid closed loop systems in children with type 1 diabetes younger than 6 years.

Background: Tight glycemic control is essential for the normal growth and development of preschool children. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) systems in a real-life setting in children younger than 6 years.

Methods: We conducted a two-center prospective study.

Monogenic diabetes clinic (MDC): 3-year experience.

Aim: In the pediatric diabetes clinic, patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) account for more than 90% of cases, while monogenic forms represent about 6%. Many monogenic diabetes subtypes may respond to therapies other than insulin and have chronic diabetes complication prognosis that is different from T1D. With the aim of providing a better diagnostic pipeline and a tailored care for patients with monogenic diabetes, we set up a monogenic diabetes clinic (MDC).

Comparison of two advanced hybrid closed loop in a pediatric population with type 1 diabetes: a real-life observational study.

Objective: The Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop (AHCL) systems have provided the potential to ameliorate glucose control in children with Type 1 Diabetes. The aim of the present work was to compare metabolic control obtained with 2 AHCL systems (Medtronic 780G system and Tandem Control IQ system) in a pediatric real-life clinical context.

Research Design And Methods: It is an observational, real-life, monocentric study; thirty one children and adolescents (M:F = 15:16, age range 7.

School and pre-school children with type 1 diabetes during Covid-19 quarantine: The synergic effect of parental care and technology.

Introduction: Management of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) poses numerous challenges, especially for young children and their families. Parental care positively influencesthe outcomesofchildren with T1D, while there are often criticisms in school environment. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced children and parents to spend many hours at home and diabetes care has returned mainly in the hands of parents.

Impact of long-term use of eHealth systems in adolescents with type 1 diabetes treated with sensor-augmented pump therapy.

Telemedicine in diabetes includes telemonitoring and transmission of important data (self monitoring of blood glucose data, insulin therapy, pump setting, etc.) from the patient s home to the diabetic unit, with a real-time health feedback. Moreover, an eHealth approach is thought to facilitate diabetes management and to improve compliance to CSII/SAP treatment in adolescents, but to date, limited literature related to this topic is available and long-term studies are still lacking.

Birth weight influences the clinical phenotype and the metabolic control of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Background: High birth weight has been related to an increased risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D), while suboptimal birth weight (both high and low) has been related to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance, as a consequence of poor metabolic control, has been described in T1D patients. The aims of the study were to analyse the distribution of birth size for gestational age in a large group of T1D patients and to investigate the effect of birth weight on clinical phenotype.

Ovarian hyperandrogenism in adolescents and young women with type I diabetes is primarily related to birth weight and body mass index.

Objective: To clarify the effects of insulin therapy on ovarian androgen production, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents and young women with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Children's research hospital.

All glutathione forms are depleted in blood of obese and type 1 diabetic children.

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), where an increase in reactive oxygen species may contribute to the initial destruction of β-cells. Accumulating evidence also suggests a role for oxidative stress in obesity, where it may potentiate the development of complications.

Objective: To analyze the in vivo homeostasis of glutathione in children with T1D at onset and in children who are obese, to evaluate the systemic content of all glutathione forms (total, reduced, oxidized, and protein-bound glutathione) and the balance among them.

Insulin dynamics of breast- or formula-fed overweight and obese children.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the type of early feeding and indices of insulin metabolism in 8-year-old overweight and obese children.

Methods: The sample included 350 overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥1.036 standard deviation score [SDS]) and obese (BMI ≥1.

Pre-diabetes in Italian obese children and youngsters.

Background And Aim: Metabolic characteristics and rate of progression to overt Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in low-risk European obese children are not well documented. Aim of the study was to investigate differences in insulin sensitivity and secretion in Italian obese children and youngsters with pre-diabetes.

Methods: Ninety-six obese children and youngsters with pre-diabetes, pair-matched with individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were included in the present study.

Clinical presentation and autoimmune characteristics of very young children at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The aim of our study was to identify factors that are related to a more aggressive beta-cell destruction in children at presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). We analyzed age, HbAlc, pH, bicarbonate, IAA, IA2, GADA, C peptide of 290 consecutive patients with T1D at onset. Seventy-three (25.

Opposite clinical phenotypes of glucokinase disease: Description of a novel activating mutation and contiguous inactivating mutations in human glucokinase (GCK) gene.

Glucokinase is essential for glucose-stimulated insulin release from the pancreatic beta-cell, serving as glucose sensor in humans. Inactivating or activating mutations of glucokinase lead to different forms of glucokinase disease, i.e.

Glucose tolerance status in 510 children and adolescents attending an obesity clinic in Central Italy.

Unlabelled: Childhood obesity is epidemic in developed countries and is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Aims: Establish prevalence of glucose metabolism alterations in a large sample of overweight/obese children and adolescents from Central Italy.

Methods: The study group included 510 overweight/obese subjects (3-18 yr).

Albuminuria and insulin resistance in children with biopsy proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Insulin resistance may favor increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE), leading progressively to chronic kidney disease (CKD). A recent study on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition of insulin resistance, associated this disease with the incidence of CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of our study was to determine whether there is an association between insulin resistance and kidney function, based on estimates of UAE and creatinine clearance in children with biopsy-proven NAFLD.

Sexual dimorphism of body composition and insulin sensitivity across pubertal development in obese Caucasian subjects.

Background Puberty is a period of rapid growth associated with metabolic, hormonal, and body composition changes that can influence risk factors for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Objective To evaluate body composition and insulin sensitivity (IS) modifications throughout puberty in a large group of obese Caucasian subjects. Methods Five hundred and nineteen obese subjects (4-19 years), grouped according to gender and Tanner stage (T), underwent oral glucose tolerance test.

Cardiovascular fitness, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in severely obese prepubertal Italian children.

Aim: To evaluate if insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) were associated with poor cardiovascular fitness in very obese prepubertal Italian subjects.

Methods: Children referred to the Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit of Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital underwent an OGTT with glucose and insulin assays. QUICKI, ISI and HOMA-IR were calculated.

Metformin use in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label, 24-month, observational pilot study.

Background: There is no consensus on the treatment of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, in a small pilot study conducted in 10 children, metformin has been proposed to be effective.

Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of metformin in addition to lifestyle intervention/modification in children with NAFLD.

Treatment of severe diabetic acidosis with tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane in a thirteen-year-old child.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a severe complication of type I diabetes. A 13-year-old female (40 kg) patient was admitted to our Intensive Care Unit with severe metabolic acidosis (pH: 6.8), hyperglycemia (835 mg/dL) and coma.

Waist circumference correlates with liver fibrosis in children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Objective: Waist circumference is widely accepted as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a feature of the metabolic syndrome. A contribution of metabolic syndrome, and especially of waist circumference, to liver fibrosis in children with NAFLD is strongly suspected.

Basal insulin supplementation in Type 1 diabetic children: a long-term comparative observational study between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and glargine insulin.

No long-term data are available on the efficacy of glargine insulin in comparison with continuous sc insulin infusion (CSII) in children and adolescents affected by Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our aim was to compare the 2-yr efficacy of the 2 insulin approaches, in order to know how to best supply basal insulin in these patients. Thirty-six 9 to 18-yr-old consecutive children with at least 3 yr previous T1D diagnosis were enrolled.

Effect of vitamin E on aminotransferase levels and insulin resistance in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Few data are available on the effect of antioxidants in paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Aim: To compare the effect of a nutritional programme alone or combined with alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and insulin resistance (IR) in biopsy-proven NAFLD children.

Methods: IN a 12-month double-blind placebo study, 90 patients were prescribed a balanced calorie diet (25-30 cal/kg/d), physical exercise, and placebo (group A) or alpha-tocopherol 600 IU/day plus ascorbic acid 500 mg/day (group B).

Leptin, free leptin index, insulin resistance and liver fibrosis in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objective: Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children is increasing dramatically. It is unclear why some patients develop steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis from steatosis, and others do not. A role for leptin has been claimed.