Ultrasonication-assisted lipase-catalyzed esterification of chlorogenic acid: A comparative study using fatty alcohol and acids in solvent and solvent-free conditions.

Chlorogenic acid, a well-known antioxidant, has potential applications in health care, food, and cosmetic sectors. However, its low solubility hinders its application at the industrial scale. The primary goal of the present study was to increase the lipophilic property of chlorogenic acid through esterification using an ultrasonication approach and Novozym® 435 as the catalyst.

Green extraction and purification of chondroitin sulfate from jumbo squid cartilage by a novel procedure combined with enzyme, ultrasound and hollow fiber dialysis.

Unlabelled: Chondroitin sulfate (ChS) from marine sources is gaining attention. The purpose of this study was to extract ChS from jumbo squid cartilage () using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE). An ultrasound with protease assistance, including either alcalase, papain or Protin NY100 was used to extract ChS.

Ultrasound Plus Vacuum-System-Assisted Biocatalytic Synthesis of Octyl Cinnamate and Response Surface Methodology Optimization.

Cinnamic acid is one of the phenolic compounds that is isolated from cinnamon, or other natural plants, and has a wide range of physiological activities. However, the application of cinnamic acid is limited due to its poor solubility and low oral bioavailability. In this study, the feasibility of producing octyl cinnamate by ultrasonic assistance, combined with a rotary evaporation under vacuum, was studied using methyl cinnamate and octanol as the starting materials.

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Structural Characterization of Chondroitin Sulfate Derived from Jumbo Squid Cartilage.

Chondroitin sulfate (ChS) is usually used as an oral nutraceutical supplement, and has been popular in Asia, Europe, and United States for many years. In this study, a potential and sustainable source of ChS from jumbo squid () cartilage was explored; ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract ChS from jumbo squid cartilage. The result of mass transfer coefficients based on Fick's law showed that UAE had higher mass transfer efficacy.

Chitosan-Based Anti-Oxidation Delivery Nano-Platform: Applications in the Encapsulation of DHA-Enriched Fish Oil.

Refined cobia liver oil is a nutritional supplement (CBLO) that is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as DHA and EPA; however, PUFAs are prone to oxidation. In this study, the fabrication of chitosan-TPP-encapsulated CBLO nanoparticles (CS@CBLO NPs) was achieved by a two-step method, including emulsification and the ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). The obtained nanoparticles were inspected by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and showed a positively charged surface with a z-average diameter of between 174 and 456 nm.

Optimization of Light Intensity, Temperature, and Nutrients to Enhance the Bioactive Content of Hyperforin and Rutin in St. John's Wort.

St. John's wort ( L.) is a medicinal plant that alleviates depression and other disorders due to its abundance of active ingredients.

Concentration of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acid from Cobia Liver Oil by Acetone Fractionation of Fatty Acid Salts.

The production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrate from cobia liver oil by acetone fractionation of fatty acid salts was investigated in this study. A three-level-three-factor Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effects of reaction time, amount of NaOH added, and acetone ratio on the responses (DHA and EPA content and recovery). The results showed that the amount of NaOH added was the most important factor in the process.

Bioprocessed Production of Resveratrol-Enriched Rice Wine: Simultaneous Rice Wine Fermentation, Extraction, and Transformation of Piceid to Resveratrol from Roots.

A new bioprocess to produce resveratrol-enriched rice wine was established and the effects of adding root powder to rice wine fermentation were investigated. In this new process, piceid and resveratrol were extracted from roots to rice wine and piceid was converted to resveratrol by β-glucosidase during fermentation. After 10 days co-fermentation, rice wine with high levels of resveratrol was obtained, which contained ~14% (/) ethanol, 122 mg/L piceid, and 86 mg/L resveratrol.

Comparison of Artificial Neural Networks and Response Surface Methodology towards an Efficient Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Chlorogenic Acid from .

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a bioactive compound commonly found in plants, has been demonstrated possessing nutraceutical potential in recent years. However, the more critical issue concerning how to improve production efficacy of CGA is still limited. It is a challenge to harvest a large amount of CGA without prolonging extraction time.

Kinetic analysis on precursors for iturin A production from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BPD1.

In this study, the precursor effect for iturin A production was quantitatively analyzed. A strain identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BPD1 (Ba-BPD1) was selected due to its ability to produce iturin A. The enhancement of iturin A production in a submerged culture was tested using various additives, including palmitic acid, oils, and complex amino acids.

An Efficient Approach for Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Retinyl Laurate Nutraceutical by Combining Ultrasound Assistance and Artificial Neural Network Optimization.

Although retinol is an important nutrient, retinol is highly sensitive to oxidation. At present, some ester forms of retinol are generally used in nutritional supplements because of its stability and bioavailability. However, such esters are commonly synthesized by chemical procedures which are harmful to the environment.

RSM and ANN modeling-based optimization approach for the development of ultrasound-assisted liposome encapsulation of piceid.

Piceid, a naturally occurring derivative of resveratrol found in many plants, has recently been considered as a potential nutraceutical. However, its poorly water-soluble property could cause a coupled problem of biological activities concerning drug dispersion and absorption in human body, which is still unsolved now. Liposome, a well-known aqueous carrier for water-insoluble ingredients, is commonly applied in drug delivery systems.

A novel enzyme-assisted ultrasonic approach for highly efficient extraction of resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum.

Resveratrol is a promising multi-biofunctional phytochemical, which is abundant in Polygonum cuspidatum. Several methods for resveratrol extraction have been reported, while they often take a long extraction time accompanying with poor extraction yield. In this study, a novel enzyme-assisted ultrasonic approach for highly efficient extraction of resveratrol from P.

Highly Efficient Synthesis of an Emerging Lipophilic Antioxidant: 2-Ethylhexyl Ferulate.

Ferulic acid in ester form has shown a stronger ability in ameliorating certain pathological conditions and inhibiting lipid oxidation. In present study, a solvent-free and reduced pressure evaporation system was developed for lipase-catalyzed synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl ferulate (2-EF) from ferulic acid and 2-ethylhexanol. A Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) was selected to model and optimize the process.

Enhanced bioconversion rate and released substrate inhibition in (R)-phenylephrine whole-cell bioconversion via partial acetone treatment.

An approach was developed to enhance the efficiency for the bioconversion of 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methyamino)-ethanone to (R)-phenylephrine. The strain Serratia marcescens N10612, giving the benefit of 99% enantiomeric excess in (R)-PE conversion, was used. The fermentation was devised to harvest cells with high hydrophobic prodigiosin content inside the cells.

Antibacterial Peptide CecropinB2 Production via Various Host and Construct Systems.

Cecropin is a cationic antibacterial peptide composed of 35-39 residues. This peptide has been identified as possessing strong antibacterial activity and low toxicity against eukaryotic cells, and it has been claimed that some types of the cecropin family of peptides are capable of killing cancer cells. In this study, the host effect of cloning antibacterial peptide cecropinB2 was investigated.

Ultrasound-assisted (R)-phenylephrine whole-cell bioconversion by S. marcescens N10612.

The strain Serratia marcescens N10612 is used to perform the bioconversion of 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methyamino)-ethanone (HPMAE) to (R)-phenylephrine ((R)-PE), which is an ephedrine drug substitute. The use of an ultrasound approach is found to improve the efficiency of the (R)-PE bioconversion. The optimization of the (R)-PE bioconversion is carried out by means of statistical experiment design.

Development of an enzymatic chromatography strip with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium coupling reactions for quantitative l-lactate analysis.

In this study, a dry assay of l-lactate via the enzymatic chromatographic test (ECT) was developed. An l-lactate dehydrogenase plus a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) regeneration reaction were applied simultaneously. Various tetrazolium salts were screened to reveal visible color intensities capable of determining the lactate concentrations in the sample.

Optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Polygonum cuspidatum.

In this study the phenolic compounds piceid, resveratrol and emodin were extracted from P. cuspidatum roots using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Multiple response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of these phenolic compounds.

Low density supercritical fluids precipitation of 9-cis and all trans-β-carotenes enriched particulates from Dunaliella salina.

In this study, supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) pulverization coupled with reverse phase elution chromatography was employed to isolate 9-cis and trans-β-carotenes from Dunaliella salina. Total concentration of 9-cis (134.7mg/g) and trans-β-carotene (204.

Production of D-hydantoinase via surface display and self-cleavage system.

In this study, the cell surface expression system was the first time used to directly produce extracellular enzyme. In the plasmid construction, the truncated ice nucleation protein (INP) was fused with intein (INT) and target protein, D-hydantoinase (DHTase), to form the INP-INT-DHTase gene. The plasmid containing this gene was transformed into Escherichia coli ER2566 cells.

Lipase-immobilized biocatalytic membranes for biodiesel production.

Microbial lipase from Candida rugosa (Amano AY-30) has good transesterification activity and can be used for biodiesel production. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was grafted with 1,4-diaminobutane and activated by glutaraldehyde for C. rugosa lipase immobilization.

Characteristics of the photosynthesis microbial fuel cell with a Spirulina platensis biofilm.

A novel design of a photosynthetic microbial fuel cell (PMFC) is constructed. It is a membrane-less and mediator-free apparatus with a gilding gold mesh as an anode and a graphite carbon cloth as a cathode. The electrode spacing is 4 cm.

Production of all trans-beta-carotene by using impinging flow of supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent pulverization.

This work investigated column elution chromatography coupled with supercritical anti-solvent precipitation to produce carotenoid rich microsized particulates from microalgal Dunaliella salina species. The extract contained carotenoids ranging from 61.3 mg/g(salina) to 72.

High yield of wax ester synthesized from cetyl alcohol and octanoic acid by lipozyme RMIM and Novozym 435.

Wax esters are long-chain esters that have been widely applied in premium lubricants, parting agents, antifoaming agents and cosmetics. In this study, the biocatalytic preparation of a specific wax ester, cetyl octanoate, is performed in n-hexane using two commercial immobilized lipases, i.e.