Closing the loop in DBS: A data-driven approach.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has transformed the treatment of movement disorders like Parkinson's Disease (PD). Innovations in DBS technology and experimentation have fostered adaptive DBS (aDBS), which employs a closed-loop system that senses physiological biomarkers to inform precise neuromodulation and personalized therapy. This review analyzes several promising advances in aDBS, including biomarker detection, control policies, mechanisms of efficacy, and a data-driven approach using artificial intelligence to decode motor states from neural signals.

N2GNet tracks gait performance from subthalamic neural signals in Parkinson's disease.

Adaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS) provides individualized therapy for people with Parkinson's disease (PWP) by adjusting the stimulation in real-time using neural signals that reflect their motor state. Current algorithms, however, utilize condensed and manually selected neural features which may result in a less robust and biased therapy. In this study, we propose Neural-to-Gait Neural network (N2GNet), a novel deep learning-based regression model capable of tracking real-time gait performance from subthalamic nucleus local field potentials (STN LFPs).

N2GNet tracks gait performance from subthalamic neural signals in Parkinson's disease.

Adaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS) provides individualized therapy for people with Parkinson's disease (PWP) by adjusting the stimulation in real-time using neural signals that reflect their motor state. Current algorithms, however, utilize condensed and manually selected neural features which may result in a less robust and biased therapy. In this study, we propose Neural-to-Gait Neural network (N2GNet), a novel deep learning-based regression model capable of tracking real-time gait performance from subthalamic nucleus local field potentials (STN LFPs).

Effect of midsole hardness and surface type cushioning on landing impact in heel-strike runners.

High loading impact associated with heel strikes causes running injuries. This study aimed to investigate how loading impact is affected by midsole hardness and running surface type. Twelve young rear-foot runners ran at a fixed speed along an 18 m runway wearing shoes with different midsole hardness (Asker C-45, C-50, C-55, C-60, from soft to hard) and on two different surfaces (rubber and concrete).

Risky behavior during stair descent for young adults: Differences in men versus women.

Injuries commonly occur on stairs, with high injury rates in young adults, especially young women. High injury rates could result from physiological and/or behavioral differences; this study focuses on behaviors. The purposes of this observational study were (1) to quantify young adult behaviors during stair descent and (2) to identify differences in stair descent behavior for young adult men versus women.

Humans prioritize walking efficiency or walking stability based on environmental risk.

In human gait, the body's mechanical energy at the end of one step is reused to achieve forward progression during the subsequent step, thereby reducing the required muscle work. During the single stance phase, humans rely on the largely uncontrolled passive inverted pendular motion of the body to perpetuate forward motion. These passive body dynamics, while improving walking efficiency, also indicate lower passive dynamic stability in the anterior direction, since the individual will be less able to withstand a forward external perturbation.

Locomotion control during curb descent: Bilateral ground reaction variables covary consistently during the double support phase regardless of future foot placement constraints.

During community ambulation, anticipatory adaptations in gait are key for navigating built, populated and natural environments. It has been argued that some instability in gait can be functionally beneficial in situations demanding high maneuverability, and while the mechanisms utilized to maintain locomotor balance are well understood, relatively less is known about how the control of gait stability changes to facilitate upcoming maneuvers in challenging environments. The double support phase may be important in this regard; since both feet can push off the ground simultaneously, there is greater control authority over the body's movement during this phase.

Design feature combinations effects of running shoe on plantar pressure during heel landing: A finite element analysis with Taguchi optimization approach.

Large and repeated impacts on the heel during running are among the primary reasons behind runners' injuries. Reducing plantar pressure can be conducive to reducing running injury and improving running performance and is primarily achieved by modifying the design parameters of running shoes. This study examines the effect of design parameters of running shoes (i.

Between a Walk and a Hard Place: How Stepping Patterns Change While Navigating Environmental Obstacles.

Maintaining a consistent relationship between each footfall and the body's motion is a key mechanism to maintain balance while walking. However, environmental features, for example, puddles/obstacles, impose additional constraints on foot placement. This study investigated how healthy young individuals alter foot placements to simultaneously manage body-centric and environmental constraints during an obstacle-crossing task.

Sensitivity of the Toe Height to Multijoint Angular Changes in the Lower Limbs During Unobstructed and Obstructed Gait.

Tripping while walking is a main contributor to falls across the adult lifespan. Trip risk is proportional to variability in toe clearance. To determine the sources of this variability, the authors computed for 10 young adults the sensitivity of toe clearance to 10 bilateral lower limb joint angles during unobstructed and obstructed walking when the lead and the trail limb crossed the obstacle.

Synergies in the ground reaction forces and moments during double support in curb negotiation in young and older adults.

Falls that occur while negotiating steps are a leading cause of death in older adults. Although recent efforts have improved understanding of the mechanics and control of stepping behaviors, the double support phase during stepping is understudied. Therefore, we quantified the stability of the resultant forces and moments acting on the body during this phase.

The relative contributions of sagittal, frontal, and transverse joint works to self-paced incline and decline slope walking.

Positive and negative work are generated at the lower limb joints in order to locomote over various terrains. Joint work quantifies the changes in energy that are necessary to adapt gait to environmental demands. The aim of this study was to quantify 3D joint work at the hip, knee, and ankle during slope walking.