Publications by authors named "Chuxiao Shao"

Natural products have perennially served as a cornerstone for the genesis of novel medicinal compounds. Most clinical therapeutics originate from ancestral herbal remedies and their formulations. Scholars and practitioners have always aimed to extract better remedies to treat various ailments.

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Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have emerged as focal mediators in intercellular communication and therapeutic interventions across diverse biomedical fields. Inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, acute liver injury, lung injury, neuroinflammation, and myocardial infarction, are complex conditions that require innovative therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes recent advances in exosome-based therapies for inflammatory disorders, highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents.

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Background: Throughout history, plants have played a crucial role in advancing medicinal treatments by providing a diverse range of compounds for the development of innovative therapies. L. a tropical herb of the Cannaceae family, also known as Indian shot, has a rich history of traditional use in treating ailments like inflammation, malaria, dysentery, fever, dropsy, and diarrhea.

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Introduction: Baccaurea motleyana Müll. Arg. (Rambai), an Asian fruit belonging to the Phyllanthaceae family, is cultivated throughout Southeast Asia and has been traditionally utilized in folk medicine to address eye discomfort, digestive issues, insomnia, and fevers.

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Cancer immunotherapy, leveraging antibodies, excels in targeting efficacy but faces hurdles in tissue penetration, oral delivery, and prolonged half-life, with costly production and risk of adverse immunogenic effects. In contrast, small molecule immuno-oncology agents provide favorable pharmacokinetic properties and benign toxicity profiles. These agents are well-positioned to address the limitations of antibody-based immunotherapies, augment existing treatment modalities, and achieve synergistic effects when combined with antibodies.

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Article Synopsis
  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents limited treatment options, prompting research into Exo-loaded cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonist AM1241, which has shown benefits in other inflammatory diseases but not specifically in SCI.
  • In an experiment with C57BL/6 mice, treatments with Exo, AM1241, and a combination of both were administered, with effects assessed on motor function, histological changes, inflammation, and oxidative stress levels.
  • The combined treatment of Exo and AM1241 markedly improved motor function recovery by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting cell apoptosis, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and activating protective signaling pathways in the spinal cord.
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  • Pyroptosis is a type of inflammatory cell death caused by inflammasomes, releasing pro-inflammatory substances like IL-18 and IL-1β, which has generated interest for its potential therapeutic and immunological roles.
  • Research shows that pyroptosis and dysregulated inflammasomes are linked to various health issues, including cancers, nerve injuries, inflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders, notably in gynecological conditions such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer (EC).
  • The study highlights that proteins like gasdermin D (GSDMD) related to pyroptosis could serve as important biomarkers for EC, and it discusses potential future strategies for using pyroptosis in developing anti-cancer therapies.
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  • This study investigates the bioactive components and medicinal effects of Sa-Mor-Ta-Lay (Willd), a mangrove plant from Thailand, focusing on its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
  • The research includes various in-vivo tests such as the hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing tests for pain, along with assays for inflammation and antioxidant activity, which showcase significant effects of the fruit's methanolic extract.
  • Results indicate that the extract provides notable pain relief and reduces inflammation, demonstrating high doses of effectiveness, absence of acute toxicity, and the presence of numerous bioactive compounds as identified by GC-MS/MS and in-silico analyses.
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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a highly invasive aquatic weed native to the Amazonia basin, known for its rapid propagation, adaptability, and utilization in traditional medicine. The study aims to unveil the therapeutic potential of water hyacinth flowers methanolic extract (EC CME) and its four kupchan fractions (EC PESF, EC DCMSF, EC EASF, EC ASF) through diversified chemical-pharmacological approaches.

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Background: A limited number of studies have examined the use of radiomics to predict 3-year overall survival (OS) after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study develops 3-year OS prediction models for HCC patients after liver resection using MRI radiomics and clinicopathological factors.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 141 patients who underwent surgical resection of HCC was performed.

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Article Synopsis
  • Light-propelled nanomotors can turn light into mechanical movement and show promise for advanced drug delivery systems, but have limitations due to poor penetration of light and biocompatibility issues.
  • Researchers developed a new asymmetric nanomotor called Pd@ZIF-8/R848@M JNMs that performs better under near-infrared-II (NIR-II) light, allowing it to move deeper into tumors for more effective treatment.
  • By combining photothermal therapy with immune activation using Resiquimod, this innovative dual photoimmunotherapy shows significant potential in treating hepatocellular carcinoma by transforming the tumor environment to enhance immune responses.
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Background & Aims: Non-invasive models stratifying clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) are limited. Herein, we developed a new non-invasive model for predicting CSPH in patients with compensated cirrhosis and investigated whether carvedilol can prevent hepatic decompensation in patients with high-risk CSPH stratified using the new model.

Methods: Non-invasive risk factors of CSPH were identified via systematic review and meta-analysis of studies involving patients with hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG).

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Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of cell death resulting from the activation of gasdermins (GSDMs) pore-forming proteins and the release of several pro-inflammatory factors. However, inflammasomes are the intracellular protein complexes that cleave gasdermin D (GSDMD), leading to the formation of robust cell membrane pores and the initiation of pyroptosis. Inflammasome activation and gasdermin-mediated membrane pore formation are the important intrinsic processes in the classical pyroptotic signaling pathway.

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The skin, being a multifaceted organ, performs a pivotal function in the complicated wound-healing procedure, which encompasses the triggering of several cellular entities and signaling cascades. Aberrations in the typical healing process of wounds may result in atypical scar development and the establishment of a persistent condition, rendering patients more vulnerable to infections. Chronic burns and wounds have a detrimental effect on the overall quality of life of patients, resulting in higher levels of physical discomfort and socio-economic complexities.

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In this work, a series of bifunctional PD-L1/CD73 (cluster of differentiation 73) small-molecule inhibitors were designed and synthesized. Among them, showed the strongest PD-L1 inhibitory effects with an IC of 6 nM and potent anti-CD73 activity with an IC of 0.773 μM.

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In this work, a novel series of heterotricyclic DNA-PK inhibitors were rationally designed, synthesized, and assessed for their biological activity. In the DNA-PK biochemical assay, most compounds displayed potent enzymatic activity, with IC values between 0.11 and 71.

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Sirolimus is a regularly applied immunosuppressant for patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sirolimus not only significantly inhibits HCC recurrence but also protects renal function. However, the improvement effect of sirolimus on nontumour-related death in patients is still unknown.

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Polyphenolic compounds have shown promising neuroprotective properties, making them a valuable resource for identifying prospective drug candidates to treat several neurological disorders (NDs). Numerous studies have reported that polyphenols can disrupt the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation or ubiquitination of signaling molecules, which further prevents the degradation of IκB. Additionally, they prevent NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

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Background: Salvage liver transplantation (SLT) has been reported to be an efficient treatment option for patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection (LR). However, for recipients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) due to recurrent HCC after LR in China, the selection criteria are not well established.

Methods: In this study, data from the China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) of 4,244 LT performed from January 2015 to December 2019 were examined, including 3,498 primary liver transplantation (PLT) and 746 SLT recipients.

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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an inherited skeletal muscle disorder caused primarily by a genetic mutation, usually in the calcium channel gene of the muscle. This mutation can lead to muscle hypersensitivity to volatile anesthetics (such as sevoflurane) and the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine, resulting in hyperthermia, muscle stiffness, metabolic disturbances, and other severe physiological reactions. This condition may prove fatal unless it is recognized in its early stages and treatment is administered promptly and aggressively.

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Enzyme-driven micro/nanomotors consuming chemical fuels have attracted lots of attention for biomedical applications. However, motor systems composed by organism-derived organics that maximize the therapeutic efficacy of enzymatic products remain challenging. Herein, swimming proteomotors based on biocompatible urease and human serum albumin are constructed for enhanced antitumor therapy active motion and ammonia amplification.

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Background: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is an independent detrimental risk factor for tumor recurrence and poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks play a pivotal role in the modulation of carcinogenesis and progression among diverse tumor types. However, whether the ceRNA mechanisms are engaged in promoting the MVI process in patients with HCC remains unknown.

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cancerous tumor that ranks as the third leading cause of cancer death across the globe. Protein kinase membrane-associated tyrosine/threonine kinase 1 (PKMYT1) is overexpressed in many cancer types, including HCC, but the potential mechanism and biological function of PKMYT1 are not fully understood.

Materials And Methods: The expression level of PKMYT1 was detected in human HCC tissues and adjacent tissues.

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