Effects of Relative Microplastic-Biochar Sizes and Biofilm Formation on Fragmental Microplastic Retention in Biochar Filters.

Microplastics (MPs) pose significant risks to aquatic life and human health. Conventional water treatment is ineffective in removing MPs, demanding alternative technologies. Biochar exhibits a potential for removing MPs through adsorption and filtration.

Expression and purification of the active soluble form of Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin for structural analysis.

The binary toxin produced from Bacillus sphaericus is highly toxic against larvae of Culex and Anopheles mosquitoes. The two major components of the binary toxin are 42-kDa BinA and 51-kDa BinB, which are produced as crystalline inclusions during sporulation. Currently, there is no detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanism of the binary toxin, mainly due to the lack of structural information.