Effects of dog cardiac orientation on vertebral heart score measurements in different thoracic types.

Background And Aim: Computed tomographic (CT) images can elucidate the variations of cardiac orientation that this information among dog breeds has never been reported. This study aimed to explore the heart orientations of dogs with different thoracic types and study their effects on vertebral heart score (VHS) measurements using CT images.

Materials And Methods: Thoracic CT images of 115 mature dogs without thoracic abnormalities were retrospectively examined.

Post-Chemotherapy Canine Lymphomatous Lymph Node Observations on B-Mode and Strain Elastographic Ultrasound.

Canine multicentric lymphoma (CML) is a prevalent hematopoietic neoplasm that initially responds well to treatment but often relapses due to chemotherapy resistance. Evaluation of treatment response is essential for effective management. Ultrasound (US) can differentiate between benign and lymphomatous lymph nodes (LLNs).

Automatic classification and grading of canine tracheal collapse on thoracic radiographs by using deep learning.

Tracheal collapse is a chronic and progressively worsening disease; the severity of clinical symptoms experienced by affected individuals depends on the degree of airway collapse. Cutting-edge automated tools are necessary to modernize disease screening using radiographs across various veterinary settings, such as animal clinics and hospitals. This is primarily due to the inherent challenges associated with interpreting uncertainties among veterinarians.

Hematological and blood biochemistry parameters as prognostic indicators of survival in canine multicentric lymphoma treated with COP and L-COP protocols.

Background And Aim: Hematological and blood chemistry parameters are crucial for evaluating and monitoring canine multicentric lymphoma during chemotherapy. Pre-treatment hematological and blood chemistry parameters can be used as prognostic survival outcomes for this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of hematological and blood chemistry parameters pre-treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment on the survival outcomes of dogs treated with either a combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone (COP) or a combination of COP with L-asparaginase (L-COP) protocols.

The Differences in Radiographic Vertebral Size in Dogs with Different Chest and Skull Types.

The objective of this study was to elucidate the differences in vertebral length, vertebral height, and vertebral length/height ratio of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4), the second lumbar vertebra (L2), the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7) based on radiographs in dogs with various body sizes, skull types, and thoracic conformations and to determine the relationships of these parameters with age and sex. A total of 258 dogs were included in this study and classified by three criteria-BW (Criterion 1), skull type (Criterion 2), and thoracic conformation (Criterion 3). Age had weak negative correlations with vertebral length and height.

Computed tomographic diaphragmatic thickness: a promising method for the evaluation of diaphragmatic muscle in cardiopulmonary diseased cats.

Diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) is defined as a weakening of the diaphragmatic muscle and can be an undetected cause of dyspnea. The objectives of this study were to explore the appropriate diaphragmatic location, measure diaphragmatic thickness (DT), evaluate the effect of intrinsic factors on DT, and compare DT between healthy and diseased cats, using 33 healthy cats and 15 diseased cats. A retrospective, analytical, case-control study using thoraco-abdominal feline computed tomography (CT) was performed.

Ultrasonographic kidney length-to-abdominal aortic diameter for the diagnosis of feline chronic kidney disease: A preliminary study.

Background And Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most important diseases in cats. This study aimed to compare the ultrasonographic kidney length-to-abdominal aortic diameter (K/AO) ratio between healthy and CKD cats and investigate the correlation between K/AO and blood results.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen healthy cats and 15 CKD cats were included in this clinically prospective study.

Computed tomographic evaluation of heart size in clinically healthy cats.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is currently one of the most useful diagnostic imaging tools for evaluating cardiac disorders in humans and animals. However, studies concerning CT and the feline heart remain scarce.

Aim: To create measuring techniques for the feline heart size on CT and to determine the relationships of feline heart size observed on CT with internal parameters including age, bodyweight (BW), and sex.

The use of ultrasonographic adrenal dimensions and the adrenal dimension-to-aorta ratio in the diagnosis of benign and malignant adrenal diseases in dogs.

Background And Aim: Ultrasound (US) is a useful tool for detecting adrenal abnormalities. However, a definite reference range differentiating normal and diseased adrenal glands in dogs of varying body sizes is still lacking. The organ dimension-to-aorta (Ao) ratio of the dogs is correlated with their body weight (BW).

Thoracic Vertebral Length-to-Height Ratio, a Promising Parameter to Predict the Vertebral Heart Score in Normal Welsh Corgi Pembroke Dogs.

The vertebral heart score (VHS) is the sum of the ratio of the cardiac dimensions to the number of thoracic vertebrae, starting from the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4) to the intervertebral disk space (IVS). Breed-specific VHSs, in most cases, were different from the original reference value. Characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae and IVS may influence this variation.

Use of contrast-enhanced computed tomography to detect kidney infarction in dogs.

Background: Kidney infarction is a renovascular disease diagnosed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in humans.

Objectives: To describe the frequency of kidney infarction and to determine the detection of kidney infarction with CECT in dogs.

Animals: Eight hundred and twenty-six abdominal CECT studies of 826 dogs.

The Feasibility of Ultrasonographic Diaphragmatic Excursion in Healthy Dogs: Effect of Positioning, Diaphragmatic Location, and Body Weight of Dogs.

Diaphragmatic excursion (DE) has been utilized for detecting respiratory related problems in humans. However, several factors should be considered such as the ultrasound technique and factors intrinsic to patients. Nevertheless, knowledge of the effect of these factors on DE in dogs is still lacking.

Comparison of radiographic and computed tomographic acetabular index in small-breed dogs: a preliminary study using Maltese and Shih Tzu.

Background: The morphometry of the acetabulum is one source of information that assists in the clinical diagnosis of the hip and influences the proper selection of a prosthesis, reducing post-operative complications such as those seen in total hip replacement (THR). However, acetabular parameters in small-breed dogs are rarely reported.

Objectives: To investigate acetabular parameters using radiography and computed tomography (CT) in small-breed dogs with Maltese and Shih Tzu dogs used as model breeds.

The evaluation of non-anesthetic computed tomography for detection of pulmonary parenchyma in feline mammary gland carcinoma: a preliminary study.

Background: Thoracic radiography in awake cats is a common procedure for the evaluation of pulmonary metastasis in feline mammary gland carcinoma (MGC). However, due to poor sensitivity, computed tomography (CT) is progressively taking its place. To perform CT in animals, general anesthesia is normally preferred but can cause lung atelectasis, affecting lung interpretation.

Comparison of computed tomographic ocular biometry in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic cats.

Background And Aim: Ocular biometry has been used to evaluate ocular parameters; however, several factors need to be considered. In humans, age and sex have been shown to affect ocular biometry. The main factor that affects feline ocular biometry is the head circumference.

Radiographic lumbosacral vertebral abnormalities and constipation in cats.

Background And Aim: Lumbosacral intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) in cats usually develops concurrent with constipation, spondylosis deformans, and sacralization. However, the prevalence of lumbar IVDD in cats was considered low, and there was less information on the incidence of non-traumatic lumbosacral vertebral abnormalities that may affect large bowel dysfunction. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the relationship between non-traumatic lumbosacral vertebral abnormalities, both congenital and acquired, and large bowel dysfunction in cats.

Multi-factorial considerations for intra-thoracic lymph node evaluations of healthy cats on computed tomographic images.

Background: It is difficult to examine mild to moderate feline intra-thoracic lymphadenopathy via and thoracic radiography. Despite previous information from computed tomographic (CT) images of intra-thoracic lymph nodes, some factors from animals and CT setting were less elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of internal factors from animals and external factors from the CT procedure on the feasibility to detect the intra-thoracic lymph nodes.

Renal ultrasonographic shear-wave elastography and urinary procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide in chronic kidney disease dogs.

Background And Aim: Renal fibrosis is a well-established pathological alteration associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in several species and progresses as CKD advances. Although a renal biopsy is the gold standard for determining renal fibrosis, it is an invasive, impractical method for clinical practice. In humans, ultrasonographic shear-wave elastography (SWE), a novel advanced diagnostic imaging tool, can evaluate renal parenchyma stiffness, and urinary procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide (uPIIINP), a promising renal fibrosis biomarker in humans, has increasingly been use applied to reduce the biopsies.

Evaluation of vacuum phenomenon in dogs with coxofemoral degenerative joint disease using computed tomography.

Background: Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is a common orthopedic lesion in the coxofemoral joint of canine patients. Concurrent with the sign of degeneration, the vacuum phenomenon (VP), or intra-articular gas, has been observed in several locations in both human and canine patients. A cadaveric study described VP in small breed dogs without DJD but with hip laxity.

Renal ultrasonographic strain elastography and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in canine and feline chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common renal disease in dogs and cats. Renal fibrosis is a main pathologic process leading of CKD progression. Renal biopsy is the gold standard for renal fibrosis assessment.

Computed tomographic appearance of circumcaval and circumuterine ureter in a cat.

Background: Circumcaval ureter is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from the persistence of embryonic venous system. This anomaly is characterized by running of affected ureter around caudal vena cava (CVC).

Case Presentation: In this report, circumcaval ureter was found in a 2-year-old female cat attending as normal sample group in another research.

Impact of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats.

Methods: Forty healthy cats (10 intact males, 10 intact females, 10 castrated males and 10 spayed females) presented to the Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, and the Diagnostic Imaging Unit at The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. They were ultrasonographically examined to assess renal length, aortic luminal diameter, cortical thickness and medullary thickness.

Renal shear wave elastography and urinary procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide (uPIIINP) in feline chronic kidney disease.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases occurring in cats. It is characterized by renal fibrosis, which is strongly correlated with impairment of renal function. Since renal biopsy is not performed routinely in clinical practice, the non-invasive method of ultrasonographic shear-wave elastography (SWE) was used to determine renal parenchymal stiffness.