CpG ODN mimicking CpG rich region of myxosporean Myxobolus supamattayai stimulates innate immunity in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) and defense against Streptococcus iniae.

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine CpG dinucleotides within specific sequence contexts (CpG motifs) have been reported as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Its immunostimulatory effects have been demonstrated in diverse vertebrate models. CpG ODN is typically found in bacterial or viral genome and recognized by a non-self recognition receptor Toll-like receptor9 (TLR9).

Physical modification of palm kernel meal improved available carbohydrate, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility in economic freshwater fish.

Background: Unavailable carbohydrates are an important limiting factor for utilization of palm kernel meal (PKM) as aquafeed ingredients. The aim of this study was to improve available carbohydrate from PKM. Different physical modifications including water soaking, microwave irradiation, gamma irradiation and electron beam, were investigated in relation to chemical composition, physicochemical properties and in vitro carbohydrate digestibility using digestive enzymes from economic freshwater fish.

Gene expression and activity of digestive enzymes during the larval development of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer).

Knowledge of digestive enzyme development during larval stages provides a better understanding of the digestive and nutritional physiology of fish larvae. This study characterized the ontogeny of key digestive enzymes in Asian seabass larvae from hatching to juvenile stage (30 days post hatch, dph) using molecular and biochemical approaches. Gene expression and activity of pepsinogen (pg), trypsinogen (try), chymotrypsinogen (ctr), bile salt-activated lipase (bal), α-amylase (amy), leucine aminopeptidase (lap) and alkaline phosphatase (alp) were determined.

A new host record of Sphaerospora epinepheli (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) occurring on orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides from Thailand: epidemiology, histopathology and phylogenetic position.

In 1991, the first record of Sphaerospora epinepheli was described as a kidney parasite of wild and cultured malabar grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, along coastlines of Thailand, the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. However, the present study detected high infection of this parasite in kidney renal tubes of orange spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, collected from Andaman Sea. The highest infection rate of 36.

Expression and applications of recombinant crustacean hyperglycemic hormone from eyestalks of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against bacterial infection.

Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) has many functions to regulate carbohydrate metabolism, ecdysis and reproduction including ion transport in crustaceans. The cDNA encoding CHH peptides containing 369 bp open reading frame encoding 122 amino acids was cloned from eyestalk of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and was produced by a bacterial expression system. The biological activity of recombinant L.

Myxobolus supamattayai n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) from Thailand parasitizing the scale pellicle of wild mullet (Valamugil seheli).

A new myxosporean species, Myxobolus supamattayai n. sp., was isolated from wild mullet (Valamugil seheli) from the Andaman Sea, Thailand and described based on its morphology and molecular data.