Development and Validation of MRI Radiomics Models to Differentiate HER2-Zero, -Low, and -Positive Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer HER2 expression has been redefined using a three-tiered system, with HER2-zero cancers considered ineligible for HER2-targeted therapy, HER2-low cancers considered candidates for novel HER2-targeted drugs, and HER2-positive cancers treated with traditional HER2-targeted medications. The purpose of this study was to assess MRI radiomics models for a three-tiered classification of HER2 expression of breast cancer. This retrospective study included 592 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer (mean age, 47.

Quantification of lumbar vertebral fat deposition: Correlation with menopausal status, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Purpose: To assess abdominal fat deposition and lumbar vertebra with iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) and investigate their correlation with menopausal status.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred forty women who underwent routine abdominal MRI and IDEAL-IQ between January 2016 and April 2021 were divided into two cohorts (first cohort: 120 pre- or postmenopausal women with severe fatty livers or without fatty livers; second cohort: 120 pre- or postmenopausal women who were obese or normal weight). The fat fraction (FF) values of the liver (FF) and lumbar vertebra (FF) in the first group and the FF values of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (FF) and FF in the second group were measured and compared using IDEAL-IQ.

Chordoma of petrosal mastoid region: A case report.

Background: Chordoma is a rare low-grade malignant tumor originating from embryonic notochordal tissue mainly occurring in the axial bone, mostly in the spheno-occipital junction and sacrococcyx, which accounts for approximately 1% of all malignant bone tumors and 0.1%-0.2% of intracranial tumors.

A 10-miRNA risk score-based prediction model for pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive tumors breast cancer usually experience a relatively low pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Here, we derived a 10-microRNA risk score (10-miRNA RS)-based model with better performance in the prediction of pCR and validated its relation with the disease-free survival (DFS) in 755 HR-positive breast cancer patients (273, 265, and 217 in the training, internal, and external validation sets, respectively). This model, presented as a nomogram, included four parameters: the 10-miRNA RS found in our previous study, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and volume transfer constant (K).

Pretreatment DCE-MRI-Based Deep Learning Outperforms Radiomics Analysis in Predicting Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.

Purpose: To compare the performances of deep learning (DL) to radiomics analysis (RA) in predicting pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) based on pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 356 breast cancer patients who underwent DCE-MRI before NAC and underwent surgery after NAC. Image features and kinetic parameters of tumors were derived from DCE-MRI.

Decoupling convolution network for characterizing the metastatic lymph nodes of breast cancer patients.

Purpose: The dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) technique is an emerging imaging tool that can better characterize material features and has the potential to be a noninvasive means of predicting lymph node metastasis. The purpose of this study was to establish a DECT-specified quantitative approach based on a neural network to characterize the sentinel lymph node (SLN).

Methods: With IRB approval, we retrospectively collected a total of 229 patients (100/229 metastasis) with biopsy proven breast cancer in this study.

Preoperative prediction of axillary sentinel lymph node burden with multiparametric MRI-based radiomics nomogram in early-stage breast cancer.

Objectives: To develop and validate a multiparametric MRI-based radiomics nomogram for pretreatment predicting the axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) burden in early-stage breast cancer.

Methods: A total of 230 women with early-stage invasive breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. A radiomics signature was constructed based on preoperative multiparametric MRI from the training dataset (n = 126) of center 1, then tested in the validation cohort (n = 42) from center 1 and an external test cohort (n = 62) from center 2.

Nanofibrous nerve guidance conduits decorated with decellularized matrix hydrogel facilitate peripheral nerve injury repair.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a great challenge for regenerative medicine. Nerve autograft is the gold standard for clinical PNI repair. Due to its significant drawbacks, artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have drawn much attention as replacement therapies.

Deep Learning-Based Radiomics of B-Mode Ultrasonography and Shear-Wave Elastography: Improved Performance in Breast Mass Classification.

Objective: Shear-wave elastography (SWE) can improve the diagnostic specificity of the B-model ultrasonography (US) in breast cancer. However, whether deep learning-based radiomics signatures based on the B-mode US (B-US-RS) or SWE (SWE-RS) could further improve the diagnostic performance remains to be investigated. We aimed to develop the B-US-RS and SWE-RS and determine their performances in classifying breast masses.

Magnetic resonance imaging of enhanced nerve repair with mesenchymal stem cells combined with microenvironment immunomodulation in neurotmesis.

Introduction: The immuno-microenvironment of injured nerves adversely affects mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for neurotmesis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used noninvasively to monitor nerve degeneration and regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate nerve repair after MSC transplantation combined with microenvironment immunomodulation in neurotmesis by using multiparametric MRI.

The Usefulness of Bayesian Network in Assessing the Risk of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate a Bayesian network (BN) model learned from epidemiological and clinical information, and various MRI parameters for predicting the risk of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Materials And Methods: For this retrospective study, 214 women (mean age ± standard deviation, 50.5±10.

Axillary Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer: Quantitative Evaluation at Dual-Energy CT.

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of quantitative parameters derived from dual-energy CT for the preoperative diagnosis of metastatic sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in participants with breast cancer. Materials and Methods For this prospective study, dual-phase contrast agent-enhanced CT was performed in female participants with breast cancer from June 2015 to December 2017. Quantitative dual-energy CT parameters and morphologic parameters were compared between metastatic and nonmetastatic SLNs.

Assessment of Cardiac Lead Perforation: Comparison Among Chest Radiography, Transthoracic Echocardiography and Electrocardiography-gated Contrast-enhanced Cardiac CT.

Objectives: Cardiac lead perforation is a rare but potentially life-threatening event. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performances of chest radiography, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and electrocardiography (ECG)-gated contrast-enhanced cardiac CT in the assessment of cardiac lead perforation.

Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the ethics review board of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital at Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangzhou, China), and the need to obtain informed consent was waived.

Monitoring of macrophage recruitment enhanced by Toll-like receptor 4 activation with MR imaging in nerve injury.

Introduction: Macrophage recruitment is critical for nerve regeneration after an injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle-based MRI could be used to monitor the enhanced macrophage recruitment by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in nerve injury.

Methods: Rats received intraperitoneal injections of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or no injection (controls) after a sciatic nerve crush injury.

In vivo tracking of the tropism of mesenchymal stem cells to malignant gliomas using reporter gene-based MR imaging.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cellular vehicle for gene therapy of malignant gliomas due to their property of tumor tropism. However, MSCs may show bidirectional and divergent effects on tumor growth. Therefore, a robust surveillance system with a capacity for noninvasive monitoring of the homing, distribution and fate of stem cells in vivo is highly desired for developing stem cell-based gene therapies for tumors.

Discrimination between benign and malignant breast lesions using volumetric quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic performance of volumetric quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (qDCE-MRI) in differentiation between malignant and benign breast lesions.

Methods: DCE-MRI was performed in 124 patients with 136 breast lesions. Quantitative pharmacokinetic parameters K, K, V, V and semi-quantitative parameters TTP, MaxCon, MaxSlope, AUC were obtained by using a two-compartment extended Tofts model and three-dimensional volume of interest.

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles-Complexed Cationic Amylose for In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tracking of Transplanted Stem Cells in Stroke.

Cell-based therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising strategy for acute ischemic stroke. In vivo tracking of therapeutic stem cells with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is imperative for better understanding cellular survival and migrational dynamics over time. In this study, we develop a novel biocompatible nanocomplex (ASP-SPIONs) based on cationic amylose, by introducing spermine and the image label, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), to label MSCs.

Assessment of the synergic effect of immunomodulation on nerve repair using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: The immune system plays a pivotal role in nerve injury. The aim of this study was to determine the role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluation of the synergic effect of immunomodulation on nerve regeneration in neurotmesis.

Methods: Rats with sciatic nerve neurotmesis and surgical repair underwent serial multiparametric MR examinations over an 8-week period after subepineurial microinjection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and subsequent subcutaneous injection of FK506 or subepineurial microinjection of LPS or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) alone.

The predictive value of MRI in detecting thyroid gland invasion in patients with advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting thyroid gland invasion (TGI) in patients with advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma. In a retrospective chart review, 41 patients with advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma underwent MRI scan before total laryngectomy and ipsilateral or bilateral thyroidectomy during the past 5 years. The MRI findings were compared with the postoperative pathological results.

DTI metrics can be used as biomarkers to determine the therapeutic effect of stem cells in acute peripheral nerve injury.

Purpose: To determine the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics as biomarkers for the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in acute peripheral nerve injury.

Materials And Methods: Forty-four adult rats received subepineurial microinjection of MSCs (n = 22) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS, n = 22) 1 week after the sciatic nerve trunk crush injury. Sequential fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging, T2 measurement, DTI and sciatic nerve functional assessment were performed at a 3.