Periapical cysts in dogs: 10 cases (2000-2020).

Objective: To characterize the clinical, diagnostic imaging, and histologic features with description of treatment outcome of periapical cysts in dogs.

Animals: Ten client-owned dogs diagnosed with periapical cysts biopsied between July 1, 2000 and June 30, 2020.

Procedures: Medical records of the Matthew J.

A Randomized Trial Comparing Inhaled Insulin Plus Basal Insulin Versus Usual Care in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate a regimen of inhaled Technosphere insulin (TI) plus insulin degludec in adults with type 1 diabetes, who prestudy were predominately using either an automated insulin delivery (AID) system or multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) with continuous glucose monitoring.

Research Design And Methods: At 19 sites, adults with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to TI plus insulin degludec (N = 62) or usual care (UC) with continuation of prestudy insulin delivery method (N = 61) for 17 weeks.

Results: Prestudy, AID was used by 48% and MDI by 45%.

Astroglial Dysfunction, Demyelination and Nodular inflammation in Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis.

Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis (NME), a form of Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin (MUO), is a progressive neuroinflammatory disease that primarily affects young, small-breed dogs. Due to limited understanding of its pathophysiology, early detection and the development of targeted therapies remain challenging. Definitive ante-mortem diagnosis is often unfeasible, and dogs with NME are frequently grouped under the broader MUO category.

Idiosyncratic genome evolution of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus at the limits of phototrophy.

Thermophilic microorganisms are expected to have smaller cells and genomes compared with mesophiles, a higher proportion of horizontally acquired genes, and distinct nucleotide and amino acid composition signatures. Here, we took an integrative approach to investigate these apparent correlates of thermophily for Synechococcus A/B cyanobacteria, which include the most heat-tolerant phototrophs on the planet. Phylogenomics confirmed a unique origin of different thermotolerance ecotypes, with low levels of continued gene flow between ecologically divergent but overlapping populations, which has shaped the distribution of phenotypic traits along these geothermal gradients.

A deep-sea isopod that consumes sinking from the ocean's surface.

Most deep-ocean life relies on organic carbon from the surface ocean. While settling primary production rapidly attenuates in the water column, pulses of organic material can be quickly transported to depth in the form of food falls. One example of fresh material that can reach great depths across the tropical Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea is the pelagic macroalgae .

Trophic strategies of picoeukaryotic phytoplankton vary over time and with depth in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.

In oligotrophic oceans, the smallest eukaryotic phytoplankton are both significant primary producers and predators of abundant bacteria such as Prochlorococcus. However, the drivers and consequences of community dynamics among these diverse protists are not well understood. Here, we investigated how trophic strategies along the autotrophy-mixotrophy spectrum vary in importance over time and across depths at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.

Genome sequence of Xenia2 a DV cluster phage that infects .

Xenia2 is a DV cluster actinobacteriophage that infects NRRL B-16540. The genome is 68,135bp, has a GC content of 57.9% and 98 predicted protein-coding genes, 33 of which have a predicted function.

Rostral cranial fossa and sinonasal neoplasms with cribriform plate involvement in 32 dogs and 17 cats.

The rostral cranial fossa (RCF) consists of the sphenoid and ethmoid bones, which accommodate the olfactory bulbs and nerves along the recesses of the cribriform plate. Neoplasms located in the vicinities of the RCF can compress and/or invade the cribriform plate. Here we describe the clinical and pathologic findings of neoplasms involving the cribriform plate in 32 dogs and 17 cats autopsied over a 13-y period.

Brunner's gland adenomas in two cats.

Case Series Summary: Two cats, aged 13.5 and 14 years, presented with duodenal masses ultimately diagnosed as Brunner's gland (BG) adenomas. In the first cat, the lesion was a firm, pale tan, proximal duodenal polyp adjacent to the major duodenal papilla that was composed histologically of a well demarcated, expansile mass of well-differentiated BGs separated by fibrovascular septa and few adipocytes.

A Randomized Comparison of Postprandial Glucose Excursion Using Inhaled Insulin Versus Rapid-Acting Analog Insulin in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Multiple Daily Injections of Insulin or Automated Insulin Delivery.

Objective: To compare postprandial glucose excursions following a bolus with inhaled technosphere insulin (TI) or subcutaneous rapid-acting analog (RAA) insulin.

Research Design And Methods: A meal challenge was completed by 122 adults with type 1 diabetes who were using multiple daily injections (MDI), a nonautomated pump, or automated insulin delivery (AID) and who were randomized to bolus with their usual RAA insulin (n = 61) or TI (n = 61).

Results: The primary outcome, the treatment group difference in area under the curve for glucose >180 mg/dL over 2 h, was less with TI versus RAA (adjusted difference -12 mg/dL, 95% CI -22 to -2, P = 0.

Physiology, fast and slow: bacterial response to variable resource stoichiometry and dilution rate.

Unlabelled: Microorganisms grow despite imbalances in the availability of nutrients and energy. The biochemical and elemental adjustments that bacteria employ to sustain growth when these resources are suboptimal are not well understood. We assessed how KT2440 adjusts its physiology at differing dilution rates (to approximate growth rates) in response to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stress using chemostats.

Concordance of Blood Glucose and CGM During a Pilot Trial of Automated Insulin Delivery in Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancies.

Background: Customized and standard automated insulin delivery (AID) systems for use in pregnancies of women with preexisting type 1 diabetes (T1D) are being developed and tested to achieve pregnancy appropriate continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) targets. Guidance on the use of CGM for treatment decisions during pregnancy in the United States is limited.

Methods: Ten pregnant women with preexisting T1D participated in a trial evaluating at-home use of a pregnancy-specific AID system.

The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex: a critical regulator of metabolism.

The close relationship between chromatin and metabolism has been well-studied in recent years. Many metabolites have been found to be cofactors used to modify chromatin, and these modifications can in turn affect gene transcription. One chromatin-associated factor responsible for regulating transcription is the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler conserved throughout eukaryotes.

Out of sight, but not out of season: Nitrifier distributions and population dynamics in a large oligotrophic lake.

Nitrification is an important control on the form and distribution of nitrogen in freshwater ecosystems. However, the seasonality of nitrogen pools and the diversity of organisms catalyzing this process have not been well documented in oligotrophic lakes. Here, we show that nitrogen pools and nitrifying organisms in Flathead Lake are temporally and vertically dynamic, with nitrifiers displaying specific preferences depending on the season.

Contrast Echocardiography: Unveiling Eccentric Mitral Regurgitation.

• Leaflet prolapse, flail, and perforation often result in eccentric MR. • Eccentric jets appear smaller than central jets of similar severity on color Doppler. • The use of UEAs is helpful in better visualizing eccentric MR jets on TTE.

Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of primary and secondary central nervous system neoplasms of dogs and cats.

The diagnosis of primary and secondary CNS neoplasms of dogs and cats relies on histologic examination of autopsy or biopsy samples. In addition, many neoplasms must be further characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a more refined diagnosis in specific cases. Given the many investigations assessing the diagnostic and prognostic IHC profile of CNS neoplasms in the veterinary literature, it may be difficult for the diagnostic pathologist or pathology trainee to narrow the list of reliable diagnostic IHCs when facing a challenging case.

Elemental and macromolecular plasticity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta) in response to resource limitation and growth rate.

With the ongoing differential disruption of the biogeochemical cycles of major elements that are essential for all life (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), organisms are increasingly faced with a heterogenous supply of these elements in nature. Given that photosynthetic primary producers form the base of aquatic food webs, impacts of changed elemental supply on these organisms are particularly important. One way that phytoplankton cope with the differential availability of nutrients is through physiological changes, resulting in plasticity in macromolecular and elemental biomass composition.

Dorsal rhinotomy in a dog with a chondro-osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma: a case report.

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, novel surgical approach, and outcome of a dog diagnosed with chondro-osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (COREAH).

Animal: 5-year-old castrated male Yorkshire Terrier.

Clinical Presentation, Progression, And Procedures: The dog was presented with chronic upper respiratory noise, congestion, facial swelling, ocular discharge, and an abscess on the nasal bridge.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents is a neurobehavioral condition that can lead to functional impairment in multiple domains and decreased quality of life. We review the clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, and common comorbidities of pediatric OCD. An overview of the biological and psychological models of OCD is provided along with a discussion of developmental considerations in youth.