Survival Difference of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups: A SEER Database Study.

Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, racial disparities continue to exist in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival. This study aims to characterize the CRC survival differences among racial and ethnic minority groups. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify adults diagnosed with CRC from 2015 to 2019.

A case report of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome first encounterd at a hospital in northern Vietnam.

Introduction And Importance: Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is an extremely rare non-inherited syndrome first described in 1955 with only about 500 more cases reported so far. Since the aetiology of the disease remains unknown, there were no specific treatments in consensus. In many countries, CCS is a completely new condition that may confuse physicians at first encounter.

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who are 70 years or older.

Background: Although liver transplantation has been done successfully in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, these are likely well-selected patients. This study uses a large database of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma to explore treatment and potential candidacy for liver transplantation in the elderly.

Methods: Retrospective review of 1,533 hepatocellular carcinoma cases identified 2 groups: 475 patients 70 years or older (70 +) and 1,058 patients < 70 years.

Melioidosis in Vietnam: Recently Improved Recognition but still an Uncertain Disease Burden after Almost a Century of Reporting.

The first cases of human melioidosis were described in Vietnam in the 1920s, almost a century ago. It was in Vietnam in the thirties that the saprophytic nature of was first recognized. Although a significant number of French and U.

Serological evidence of human infection with Pteropine orthoreovirus in Central Vietnam.

Pteropine orthoreovirus, potentially of bat origin, has been reported to cause respiratory tract infections among human beings in Southeast Asia. Twelve IgG ELISA-positive cases with antibodies against Pteropine orthoreovirus were detected among 272 human serum samples collected between March and June 2014 from in and around Hue City, Central Vietnam. These 12 cases were IgM ELISA negative.

Inertial-range dynamics and scaling laws of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the weak-field regime.

We study inertial-range dynamics and scaling laws in unforced two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the regime of moderately small and small initial magnetic-to-kinetic-energy ratio r(0), with an emphasis on the latter. The regime of small r(0) corresponds to a relatively weak field and strong magnetic stretching, whereby the turbulence is characterized by an intense conversion of kinetic into magnetic energy (dynamo action in the three-dimensional context). This conversion is an inertial-range phenomenon and, upon becoming quasisaturated, deposits the converted energy within the inertial range rather than transferring it to the small scales.

Bounds for the number of degrees of freedom of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in two and three dimensions.

We study incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in both two and three dimensions, with an emphasis on the number of degrees of freedom N. This number is estimated in terms of the magnetic Prandtl number Pr, kinetic Reynolds number Re, and magnetic Reynolds number Rm. Here Re and Rm are dynamic in nature, defined in terms of the kinetic and magnetic energy dissipation rates (or averages of the velocity and magnetic field gradients), viscosity and magnetic diffusivity, and the system size.

Autoimmune pancreatitis in an Asian-dominant American population.

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare type of chronic pancreatitis that occurs predominantly in males and was first described in the Asian population. The following study seeks to characterize autoimmune pancreatitis in Hawai'i's Asian-dominant population through a retrospective review of 65 pancreaticoduodenectomy cases performed between 2000 and 2010. Three of the 65 pancreaticoduodenectomies were diagnosed with autoimmune pancreatitis, and 3 additional cases were diagnosed prior to surgery.

Effects of friction on forced two-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence.

Large-scale dissipation mechanisms have been routinely employed in numerical simulations of two-dimensional turbulence to absorb energy at large scales, presumably mimicking the quasisteady picture of Kraichnan in an unbounded fluid. Here, "side effects" of such a mechanism--mechanical friction--on the small-scale dynamics of forced two-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence are elaborated by both theoretical and numerical analysis. Given a positive friction coefficient α, viscous dissipation of enstrophy has been known to vanish in the inviscid limit ν→0.

Effective degrees of nonlinearity in a family of generalized models of two-dimensional turbulence.

We study the small-scale behavior of generalized two-dimensional turbulence governed by a family of model equations, in which the active scalar theta=(-Delta)(alpha/2)psi is advected by the incompressible flow u=(-psi(y),psi(x)). Here psi is the stream function, Delta is the Laplace operator, and alpha is a positive number. The dynamics of this family are characterized by the material conservation of theta, whose variance theta2 is preferentially transferred to high wave numbers (direct transfer).

Number of degrees of freedom of two-dimensional turbulence.

We derive upper bounds for the number of degrees of freedom of two-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence freely decaying from a smooth initial vorticity field omega(x,y,0)=omega0. This number denoted by N is defined as the minimum dimension such that for n>or=N, arbitrary n-dimensional balls in phase space centered on the solution trajectory omega(x,y,t); for t>0, contract under the dynamics of the system linearized about omega(x,y,t). In other words, N is the minimum number of greatest Lyapunov exponents whose sum becomes negative.

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus subgenotypes and basal core promoter, precore variants in patients with acute hepatitis B in central Vietnam.

Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into 8 genotypes that have different geographic distributions. The clinical outcomes of acute hepatitis are dependent on genotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of HBV subgenotypes and basal core promoter (BCP)/precore (PC) regions in acute hepatitis patients in Central Vietnam to clarify the distributions and the clinical and virological differences.

Local transfer and spectra of a diffusive field advected by large-scale incompressible flows.

This study revisits the problem of advective transfer and spectra of a diffusive scalar field in large-scale incompressible flows in the presence of a (large-scale) source. By "large scale" it is meant that the spectral support of the flows is confined to the wave-number region k View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Robustness of the inverse cascade in two-dimensional turbulence.

We study quasisteady inverse cascades in unbounded and bounded two-dimensional turbulence driven by time-independent injection and dissipated by molecular viscosity. It is shown that an inverse cascade that carries only a fraction r of the energy input to the largest scales requires the enstrophy-range energy spectrum to be steeper than k(-5) (ruling out a direct cascade) unless 1-r<<1. A direct cascade requires the presence of an inverse cascade that carries virtually all energy to the largest scales (1-r<<1).

Energy budgets in Charney-Hasegawa-Mima and surface quasigeostrophic turbulence.

We study energy transfer in unbounded Charney-Hasegawa-Mima and surface quasigeostrophic turbulence. The possible inverse-cascading quantities in these systems are, respectively, I identical with integral ( infinity )(0)k(-2)E(k) dk and J identical with integral ( infinity )(0)k(-1)E(k) dk, where E(k) is the kinetic energy spectrum. The supposed direct-cascading quantities for both surface quasigeostrophic and Navier-Stokes turbulence are shown to be bounded.