Large Scale Synthesis of Red-Emitting Quantum Dots for Efficient and Stable Light-Emitting Diodes.

It is known that large-scale synthesis of emitters affords colloidal quantum dot (CQD) materials with a great opportunity toward the mass production of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) based commercial electronic products. Herein, an unprecedented example of scalable CQD (> 0.5 kilogram) is achieved by using a core/shell structure of CdZnSe/ZnSeS/CdZnS, in which CdZnSe, ZnSeS, and CdZnS alloys are used as the inner core, transition layer and outermost shell, respectively.

Late-Stage Rapid [F]Trifluoromethyl Radiolabeling of Terminal Alkenes at Room Temperature.

We report an efficient, metal-free method for late-stage rapid [F]trifluoromethyl radiolabeling of terminal alkenes at room temperature. Utilizing 3,3-difluoroallyl sulfonium salts as precursors, the process achieves high radiochemical yields (up to 94 ± 2%) in just 30 s, with excellent functional group tolerance. This method offers a simplified and efficient pathway to produce [F]trifluoromethylated terminal alkene compounds, enabling their application in PET imaging and expanding the chemical space for drug discovery.

Surface coal mining in drylands: A multiscale comparison of spatiotemporal patterns and environmental impacts between Inner Mongolia and Mongolia.

Surface coal mining (SCM) poses a great threat to the environment. Previous studies have explored the speed and scale of SCM in the Mongolian Plateau, but landscape-based analysis is needed for creating actionable knowledge required for environmental policy-making. Thus, taking a landscape ecological approach, here we compared the spatiotemporal patterns and major environmental impacts of SCM between Inner Mongolia of China and Mongolia during 1975-2015 at multiple administrative levels.

Recent Jishishan earthquake ripple hazard provides a new explanation for the destruction of the prehistoric Lajia Settlement 4000a B.P.

The Jishishan Ms 6.2 earthquake occurred at 23:59 on December 18, 2023 in Gansu Province, China. We conducted a field survey to assess the hazards and damages caused by the earthquake and its associated geo-activities.

Dual effects on vegetation from urban expansion in the drylands of northern China: A multiscale investigation using the vegetation disturbance index.

Drylands contribute roughly 40 % of the global net primary productivity and are essential for achieving sustainable development. Investigating the effects on vegetation from urban expansion in drylands within the context of rapid urbanization could help enhance the sustainability of dryland cities. With the use of the drylands of northern China (DNC) as an example, we applied the vegetation disturbance index to investigate the negative and positive effects on vegetation from urban expansion in drylands.

Halogen-Bond-Promoted Direct Cross-Coupling of Trifluoromethylated Alkyl Bromides with Coumarins/Quinolinones: Unraveling Trifluoromethyl Effects.

This study introduces a novel approach involving XB-mediated cross-coupling of α-trifluoromethylated alkyl bromides with coumarins and quinolinones under visible light irradiation. Both density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental studies converge to suggest that the noncovalent interaction between alkyl bromides and DMAP, intensified by the α-trifluoromethyl group, plays a pivotal role in facilitating this chemoselective reaction.

Substantially reducing global PM-related deaths under SDG3.9 requires better air pollution control and healthcare.

The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.9 calls for a substantial reduction in deaths attributable to PM pollution (DAPP). However, DAPP projections vary greatly and the likelihood of meeting SDG3.

Catalyst-free decarboxylative cross-coupling of -hydroxyphthalimide esters with -butyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate and its application.

Here, we demonstrate a practical method toward the facile synthesis of CF-containing amino acids through visible light promoted decarboxylative cross-coupling of a redox-active ester with -butyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate. The reaction was driven by the photochemical activity of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes that were formed by the non-covalent interaction between a Hantzsch ester and a redox-active ester. The advantages of this protocol are its synthetic simplicity, rich functional group tolerance, and a cost-effective reaction system.

A Non-Bonding Interaction-Based Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Halogenated Carbonyl Compounds.

The fluorescent detection of neutral and volatile carbonyl halogenated compounds had not been studied before. We describe here a simple and sensitive turn-on rhodamin fluorescent probe for the selective detection of fluorinated/brominated/chlorinated/iodinated carbonyl compounds. A wide range of linear or cyclic volatile organic halides was detected with a limit of detection as low as 45.

Trifluoromethyl Rhodium-Carbynoid in [2+1+2] Cycloadditions.

Trifluoromethyl cationic carbyne (CF C :) possessing dual carbene-carbocation behavior emulated as trifluoromethyl metal-carbynoid (CF C =M) has not been explored yet, and its reaction characteristics are unknown. Herein, a novel α-diazotrifluoroethyl sulfonium salt was prepared and used in Rh-catalyzed three-component [2+1+2] cycloadditions for the first time with commercially available N-fused heteroarenes and nitriles, yielding a series of imidazo[1,5-a] N-heterocycles that are of interest in medicinal chemistry, in which the insertion of trifluoromethyl Rh-carbynoid (CF C =Rh) into C=N bonds of N-fused heteroarenes was involved. This strategy demonstrates synthetic applications in late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals, construction of CD -containing N-heterocycles, gram-scale experiments, and synthesis of phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor analog.

Backbone N-methylation of peptides: Advances in synthesis and applications in pharmaceutical drug development.

Peptide-based drugs have garnered considerable attention in recent years owing to their increasingly crucial role in the treatment of diverse diseases. However, the limited pharmacokinetic properties of peptides have hindered their full potential. One prominent strategy for enhancing the druggability of peptides is N-methylation, which involves the addition of a methyl group to the nitrogen atom of the peptide backbone.

Synthesis of Alkylated Polyfluorobenzenes through Decarboxylative Giese Addition of Aliphatic -Hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Polyfluorostyrene.

Polyfluoroaromatic compounds play crucial roles in medicinal and material science. However, the synthesis of alkylated polyfluoroarenes has been relatively underdeveloped. In this study, we devised a novel decarboxylative coupling reaction between aliphatic -hydroxyphthalimide esters and polyfluorostyrene, leveraging the photochemical activity of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes.

The challenge of population aging for mitigating deaths from PM air pollution in China.

Estimating the health burden of air pollution against the background of population aging is of great significance for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3.9 which aims to substantially reduce the deaths and illnesses from air pollution. Here, we estimated spatiotemporal changes in deaths attributable to PM air pollution in China from 2000 to 2035 and examined the drivers.

The supply and demand of water-related ecosystem services in the Asian water tower and its downstream area.

Climate change and human activities can have an impact on the supply and demand of water-related ecosystem services (WRESs) in the Asian water tower (AWT) and its downstream area, which is closely related to the production and livelihoods of billions of people. However, few studies have taken the AWT and its downstream area as a whole to assess the supply-demand relationship of WRESs. This study aims to assess the future trends of the supply-demand relationship of WRESs in the AWT and its downstream area.

Contribution of Tibetan Plateau ecosystems to local and remote precipitation through moisture recycling.

The ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) provide multiple important ecosystem services that benefit both local populations and those beyond, such as through climate regulation services on precipitation for East Asia and China. However, the precipitation regulation service of the TP ecosystems for supplying moisture and maintaining precipitation is yet to be evaluated. In this study, we used the moisture recycling framework and a moisture tracking model to quantify the precipitation regulation services of TP ecosystems for their contribution to precipitation.

Discovery of Potential Biomarkers for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Based on Untargeted GC/LC-MS.

Purpose: As an important public health problem, osteoporosis (OP) in China is also in an upward trend year by year. As a standard method for diagnosing OP, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) cannot analyze the pathological process but only see the results. It is difficult to evaluate the early diagnosis of OP.

Management of a patient with cardiac arrest, intestinal ischemia necrosis, multiple fractures, hemorrhagic shock, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thrombosis after severe abdominal crush injury: A case report.

Abdominal crush injury has been widely reported. However, abdominal crush injury cases involving most of the organ systems have seldom been reported. In the present case report, a 58-year-old man was hit in the abdomen by a 4-ton machine tool.

Updating global urbanization projections under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.

Urbanization level is an important indicator of socioeconomic development, and projecting its dynamics is fundamental for studies related to global socioeconomic and climate change. This paper aims to update the projections of global urbanization from 2015 to 2100 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways by using the logistic fitting model and iteratively identifying reference countries. Based on historical urbanization level database from the World Urbanization Prospects, projected urbanization levels and uncertainties are provided for 204 countries and areas every five years.

Synthesis of Secondary Trifluoromethylated Alkyl Bromides Using 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene as a Radical Acceptor.

Herein, the first example using commercially available 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (BTP) as a radical acceptor has been reported. Taking advantage of this strategy, a wide range of secondary trifluoromethylated alkyl bromides were synthesized in good to excellent yields with broad functional group tolerance by using redox-active esters as a radical precursor. The practicality of this protocol was further demonstrated by diverse derivations and direct modification of biologically active molecules.

Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Amino-Acid-Derived Alkylzinc Reagents with Alkyl Bromides/Chlorides: Access to Diverse Unnatural Amino Acids.

Unnatural α-amino acids are important synthetic targets in the field of peptide science. Herein we report an efficient, versatile, and straightforward strategy for the synthesis of homophenylalanine derivatives via the nickel-catalyzed Csp-Csp cross-coupling of (fluoro)benzyl bromides/chlorides with natural α-amino-acid-derived alkylzinc reagents. The current protocol features the advantages of a low-cost nickel catalyst system, synthetic convenience, and the tolerance of rich functionality and stereochemistry.

Diazotrifluoroethyl Radical: A CF-Containing Building Block in [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.

We present herein a visible-light-induced [3 + 2] cycloaddition of a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent with α-ketoacids for the construction of 5-CF-1,3,4-oxadiazoles that are of importance in medicinal chemistry. The reaction proceeds smoothly without a photocatalyst, metal, or additive under mild conditions. Different from the well-established trifluorodiazoethane (CFCHN), the diazotrifluoroethyl radical [CFC(·)N], a trifluoroethylcarbyne (CFCĊ:) equivalent and an unusual CF-containing building block, is involved in the present reaction system.

Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Defluoroarylation of Trifluoromethylarenes with Arylboronic Acids.

Selective functionalization of inactive C(sp)-F bonds to prepare medicinally interesting aryldifluoromethylated compounds remains challenging. One promising route is the transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling through oxidative addition of the C(sp)-F bond in trifluoromethylarenes (ArCF), which are ideal precursors for this process due to their ready availability and low cost. Here, we report an unprecedented excited-state palladium catalysis strategy for selective defluoroarylation of trifluoromethylarenes with arylboronic acids.

Future global urban water scarcity and potential solutions.

Urbanization and climate change are together exacerbating water scarcity-where water demand exceeds availability-for the world's cities. We quantify global urban water scarcity in 2016 and 2050 under four socioeconomic and climate change scenarios, and explored potential solutions. Here we show the global urban population facing water scarcity is projected to increase from 933 million (one third of global urban population) in 2016 to 1.