Fibronectin type III domain containing 4 alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway.

Fibronectin type III domain containing 4 (FNDC4) is highly homologous with FNDC5, which possesses various cardiometabolic protective functions. Emerging evidence suggests a noteworthy involvement of FNDC4 in fat metabolism and inflammatory processes. This study aimed to characterize the role of FNDC4 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and decrypt its underlying mechanisms.

Autophagy, a double-edged sword for oral tissue regeneration.

Background: Oral health is of fundamental importance to maintain systemic health in humans. Stem cell-based oral tissue regeneration is a promising strategy to achieve the recovery of impaired oral tissue. As a highly conserved process of lysosomal degradation, autophagy induction regulates stem cell function physiologically and pathologically.

Single-cell transcriptomes reveal heterogeneity of chlorine-induced mice acute lung injury and the inhibitory effect of pentoxifylline on ferroptosis.

To investigate the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on Chlorine (Cl)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Female BALB/c mice were exposed to Cl at 400 ppm for 15 min. H&E staining was used to observe the degree of lung injury.

CSF2RB overexpression promotes the protective effects of mesenchymal stromal cells against ischemic heart injury.

The invasive intramyocardial injection of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) allows for limited repeat injections and shows poor therapeutic efficacy against ischemic heart failure. Intravenous injection is an alternative method because this route allows for repeated, noninvasive, and easy delivery. However, the lack of targeting of MSCs hinders the ability of these cells to accumulate in the ischemic area after intravenous injections.

Diffusion simulation and risk assessment model establishment of chlorine gas leakage based on terrain conditions.

This study researches the impact of terrain factors on chlorine gas diffusion processes based on SLAB model. Simulating the law of wind speed changing with altitude by calculating the real-time speed with vertical height combing actual terrain data, and integrating the influence of terrain on wind speed by using Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) algorithm, K-turbulence model, and standard wall functions, then plotting the gas diffusion range in the map with terrain data according to the Gaussian-Cruger projection algorithm and dividing the hazardous areas according to the public exposure guidelines (PEG). The accidental chlorine gas releases near Lishan Mountain, Xi'an City, were simulated by the improved SLAB model.

Protective effects of pentoxifylline against chlorine-induced acute lung injury in rats.

Objective: Chlorine is a chemical threat agent that can be harmful to humans. Inhalation of high levels of chlorine can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). Currently, there is no satisfactory treatment, and effective antidote is urgently needed.

Targeting PARK7 Improves Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Orchestrating Mitochondrial Quality Control and Metabolic Reprogramming.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are considered to be key events in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury. Mitochondrial quality control, including mitophagy and mitochondrial synthesis, can restore mitochondrial homeostasis and thus protect the liver. The role of PARK7, a mitochondrial stress protein, in regulating mitochondrial quality control in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is unclear.

Heterogeneity of T cells and macrophages in chlorine-induced acute lung injury in mice using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Objective: Chlorine (Cl), as an asphyxiant toxicant, induced poisoning incidents and acute lung injury (ALI) occur frequently. The specific pathogenesis of Cl-induced ALI remains unclear. Immune cells play an important role in the process of lung damage.

Reactive Oxygen Species Bridge the Gap between Chronic Inflammation and Tumor Development.

According to numerous animal studies, adverse environmental stimuli, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, can cause low-grade chronic inflammation and subsequent tumor development. Human epidemiological evidence has confirmed the close relationship between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms driving the development of persistent inflammation toward tumorigenesis remain unclear.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Overexpressing Farnesoid X Receptor Exert Cardioprotective Effects Against Acute Ischemic Heart Injury by Binding Endogenous Bile Acids.

Bile acid metabolites have been increasingly recognized as pleiotropic signaling molecules that regulate cardiovascular functions, but their role in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC)-based therapy has never been investigated. It is found that overexpression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a main receptor for bile acids, improves the retention and cardioprotection of adipose tissue-derived MSC (ADSC) administered by intramyocardial injection in mice with myocardial infarction (MI), which shows enhanced antiapoptotic, proangiogenic, and antifibrotic effects. RNA sequencing, LC-MS/MS, and loss-of-function studies reveal that FXR overexpression promotes ADSC paracrine angiogenesis via Angptl4.

Insulin resistance enhances binge ethanol-induced liver injury through promoting oxidative stress and up-regulation CYP2E1.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has caused a serious burden on public and personal health in crowd with ethanol abuse. The effects of insulin resistance (IR) on ALD and the mechanisms underlying these responses are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the changes of liver injury, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and CYP2E1 changes in liver of mice exposed to ethanol with IR or not.

Irisin Promotes Cardiac Homing of Intravenously Delivered MSCs and Protects against Ischemic Heart Injury.

Few intravenously administered mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) engraft to the injured myocardium, thereby limiting their therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of ischemic heart injury. Here, it is found that irisin pretreatment increases the cardiac homing of adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs) administered by single and multiple intravenous injections to mice with MI/R by more than fivefold, which subsequently increases their antiapoptotic, proangiogenic, and antifibrotic effects in rats and mice that underwent MI/R. RNA sequencing, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analysis, and loss-of-function studies identified CSF2RB as a cytokine receptor that facilitates the chemotaxis of irisin-treated ADSCs in the presence of CSF2, a chemokine that is significantly upregulated in the ischemic heart.

Silent information regulator 1 suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells via its regulation of mitochondria status.

Aims: Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD-dependent protein-modifying enzyme involved in regulating gene expression, DNA damage repair, cell metabolism, and mitochondrial functions. Given that it acts as both a tumor promoter and suppressor, the complex mechanisms underlying SIRT1 signaling in cancer remain controversial. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in the progression of carcinogenesis and tumors metastasis.

Electromagnetic Fields Ameliorate Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis by Modulating Redox Homeostasis and SREBP-1c Expression in db/db Mice.

Purpose: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has recently become known as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), has risen. However, pharmacotherapies for this disease have not been approved. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have excellent bioeffects on multiple diseases.

Cubic Membranes Formation in Synchronized Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reveals a Possible Role as a Structural Antioxidant Defense System in Cell Cycle Progression.

Cubic membranes (CMs) represent unique biological membrane structures with highly curved three-dimensional periodic minimal surfaces, which have been observed in a wide range of cell types and organelles under various stress conditions (e. g., starvation, virus-infection, and oxidation).

Stat2-Drp1 mediated mitochondrial mass increase is necessary for pro-inflammatory differentiation of macrophages.

Macrophage recruitment and pro-inflammatory differentiation are hallmarks of various diseases, including infection and sepsis. Although studies suggest that mitochondria may regulate macrophage immune responses, it remains unclear whether mitochondrial mass affects macrophage pro-inflammatory differentiation. Here, we found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages possess higher mitochondrial mass than resting cells.

Down-regulation of SETD6 protects podocyte against high glucose and palmitic acid-induced apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction via activating Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a serious complication of hyperglycemia, is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Glomerular podocyte injury is a major mechanism that leads to DN. However, the mechanisms underlying podocyte injury are ambiguous.

Gestational bisphenol A exposure induces fatty liver development in male offspring mice through the inhibition of HNF1b and upregulation of PPARγ.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effects of gestational BPA exposure on hepatic lipid accumulation in offspring are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the sex-dependent effects of gestational BPA exposure on hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in the offspring of mice to reveal the mechanisms underlying gestational BPA exposure-associated NAFLD.

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside alleviated the acute hepatotoxicity and DNA damage in diethylnitrosamine-contaminated mice.

Aims: 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG) is the key bioactive ingredient extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thumb. Pharmacological studies suggest that it exerts numerous biological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-aging, and anti-inflammation. This study aimed at investigating the effect of TSG on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced acute hepatotoxicity and DNA damage.

Effects of sub-chronic, low-dose cadmium exposure on kidney damage and potential mechanisms.

Background: The present study was to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the sub-chronic low-dose cadmium (Cd) exposure induced renal injury in rats.

Methods: Totally 40 male adult SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, low-dose Cd group (1 mg/kg CdCl), moderate-dose Cd group (2.5 mg/kg) and high-dose Cd group (5 mg/kg).

Chlorogenic acid prevents paraquat-induced apoptosis via Sirt1-mediated regulation of redox and mitochondrial function.

Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used agro-chemical in agriculture and highly toxic to humans. Although the mechanism of PQ poisoning is not clear, it has been well documented that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis play pivotal roles. Alternatively, chlorogenic acid (CA) is a biologically active dietary polyphenol, playing several therapeutic roles.

Nano-oleanolic acid alleviates metabolic dysfunctions in rats with high fat and fructose diet.

Obesity, diabetes and related metabolic disorders are among the top prevalent metabolism-related diseases with increasing threat to human health throughout the world. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural triterpenoid and an aglycone of many saponins possessing anti-diabetic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities. A nano-formulation of OA was recently developed to evaluate the efficiency of nano-OA in the treatment of insulin-resistance and metabolic disorders in high fat and fructose (HFF) diet-fed rats.