Elevated CO Increased Antibiotic Resistomes in Seed Endophytes: Evidence from a Free-Air CO Enrichment (FACE) Experiment.

Climate warming affects antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil and the plant microbiome, including seed endophytes. Seeds act as vectors for ARG dissemination in the soil-plant system, but the impact of elevated CO on seed resistomes remains poorly understood. Here, a free-air CO enrichment system was used to examine the impact of elevated CO on seed-associated ARGs and seed endophytic bacteria and fungi.

The Unequal Impact of Disasters: Assessing the Interplay Between Social Vulnerability, Public Assistance, Flood Insurance, and Migration in the U.S.

Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes with intense rainfall and storm surges, are posing increasing challenges to local communities worldwide. These hazards not only result in substantial property damage but also lead to significant population displacement. Federal disaster assistance programs are crucial for providing financial support for disaster response and recovery, but the allocation of these resources often unequal due to the complex interplay of environmental, social, and institutional factors.

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase gaps of rice yields between low- and middle-to-high-income countries.

The rising carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase future rice yields. However, variations in the CO fertilization effect (CFE) between rice subspecies and the influence of concurrent global warming introduce uncertainty in future global rice yield projections. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of rising carbon dioxide field experiments and employed crop modelling to assess future global rice yields for the top 14 rice producing countries.

NosZ I carrying microorganisms determine NO emissions from the subtropical paddy field under elevated CO and strongly CO-responsive cultivar.

Elevated CO (eCO) decreases NO emissions from subtropical paddy fields, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. Herein, the response of key microbial nitrogen cycling genes to eCO (ambient air +200 μmol CO mol) in four rice cultivars, including two weakly CO-responsive (W27, H5) and two strongly CO-responsive cultivars (Y1540, L1988), was investigated. Except for nosZ I, eCO did not significantly alter the abundance of the other genes.

Methanogenic and methanotrophic communities determine lower CH fluxes in a subtropical paddy field under long-term elevated CO.

Clarifying the effects of elevated CO concentration (e[CO]) on CH emissions from paddy fields and its mechanisms is a crucial part of the research on agricultural systems in response to global climate change. However, the response of CH fluxes from rice fields to long-term e[CO] (e[CO] duration >10 years) and its microbial mechanism is still lacking. In this study, we used a long-term free-air CO enrichment experiment to examine the relationship between CH fluxes and the methanogenic and methanotrophic consortia under long- and short-term e[CO].

Soil organic carbon stability and exogenous nitrogen fertilizer influence the priming effect of paddy soil under long-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) stability and dynamics are greatly influenced by long-term elevated atmospheric CO [CO]. The priming effect (PE) is vital in SOC stability and dynamics, but its role in paddy soil under long-term elevated [CO] remains unclear. To examine how SOC stability changed in paddy soil after long-term elevated atmospheric CO enrichment, the PE was quantified through a C-glucose-induced experiment with different N levels for topsoil (0-20 cm) from paddy free-air CO enrichment (FACE) platform.

Does elevated CO enhance the arsenic uptake by rice? Yes or maybe: Evidences from FACE experiments.

Elevated CO (eCO) strongly affects rice yield and quality in arsenic (As) paddy soils. However, understanding of the As accumulation in rice under coupled stress of eCO and soil As is still limited while data are scarce. It greatly limits the prediction for future rice safety.

Elevated CO and temperature under future climate change increase severity of rice sheath blight.

Sheath blight (ShB), caused by , is one of the major threats to rice ( L.) production. However, it is not clear how the risk of rice ShB will respond to elevated CO and temperature under future climate change.

Differential responses of soil bacterial communities to elevated CO between strongly CO-responsive and weakly CO-responsive rice cultivars.

Effects of elevated CO (eCO) on paddy soil microbial communities remain unclear, particularly when different rice cultivars exposed to eCO. We thus compared responses of soil bacterial communities to ambient CO (aCO) and eCO (aCO + 200 μmol CO mol) between two weakly CO-responsive (Wuyunjing27, W27; Huaidao5, H5) and two strongly CO-responsive rice cultivars (Yongyou1540, Y1540; LongIIyou1988, L1988) throughout six growth stages (early tillering, late tillering, jointing, heading, grain filling and ripening) in a paddy field in Jiangdu, China in 2018. No significant changes in soil bacterial diversities were observed between eCO and aCO or between cultivars for any single growth stage at the OTU level, but α diversity significantly changed at the phylum level except for the ripening stage.

Investigation on the driver-victim pairs in pedestrian and bicyclist crashes by latent class clustering and random forest algorithm.

Pedestrians and bicyclists from marginalized and underserved populations experienced disproportionate fatalities and injury rates due to traffic crashes in the US. This disparity among road users of different races and the increasing trend of traffic risk for underserved racial groups called for an urgent agenda for transportation policy making and research to ensure equity in roadway safety. Pedestrian and bicyclist crashes involved drivers and pedestrians/bicyclists; the latter were usually victims.

Effects of elevated CO on the Cd uptake by rice in Cd-contaminated paddy soils.

The rising atmospheric CO is a major driver for climate change, directly affects rice production. Cadmium (Cd) in paddy soils also serves as a persistent concern. Currently, few studies consider the rice response to coupled stresses of elevated CO (eCO) and soil Cd.

Accelerated sea-level rise is suppressing CO stimulation of tidal marsh productivity: A 33-year study.

Accelerating relative sea-level rise (RSLR) is threatening coastal wetlands. However, rising CO concentrations may also stimulate carbon sequestration and vertical accretion, counterbalancing RSLR. A coastal wetland dominated by a C plant species was exposed to ambient and elevated levels of CO in situ from 1987 to 2019 during which time ambient CO concentration increased 18% and sea level rose 23 cm.

Elevated CO does not necessarily enhance greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies.

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO) greatly impacts greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of CH and NO from rice fields. Although eCO generally stimulates GHG emissions in the short term (<5 years) experiments, the responses to long-term (≥10 years) eCO remain poorly known. Here we show, through a series of experiments and meta-analysis, that the eCO does not necessarily increase CH and NO emissions from rice paddies.

[Response of Yield, CH, and NO Emissions from Paddy Fields to Long-term Elevated CO Concentrations].

Elevated atmospheric CO concentrations([CO]) are the main driving force of global climate change, which directly and indirectly affect carbon and nitrogen cycling in the paddy ecosystems. Therefore, understanding the response of rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions to long-term(more than 10 years)[CO] from paddy fields is of great significance for food security and future climate change assessment. In this study, strongly and weakly responsive cultivars were used as the experimental materials.

[Effect of Elevated CO on NO Emissions from Different Rice Cultivars in Rice Fields].

Using the free air CO enrichment (FACE) platform, an in-situ field experiment was conducted to explore the impacts of elevated CO mole fraction ([CO]) on NO emissions from strongly and weakly responsive rice cultivars. Under elevated [CO], grain yield of the strongly responsive rice cultivars increased significantly, by more than 30%, whereas the weakly responsive cultivars showed a growth rate of 10%-15%. The four treatments comprised A-W (normal [CO]+weakly responsive cultivar), F-W (elevated [CO]+weakly responsive cultivar), A-S (normal [CO]+strongly responsive cultivar), and F-S (elevated [CO]+strongly responsive cultivar).

Elevated Atmospheric CO and Nitrogen Fertilization Affect the Abundance and Community Structure of Rice Root-Associated Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria.

Elevated atmospheric CO (eCO) results in plant growth and N limitation, yet how root-associated nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities respond to increasing atmospheric CO and nitrogen fertilization (eN) during the growth stages of rice is unclear. Using the gene as a molecular marker, we studied the combined effect of eCO and eN on the diazotrophic community and abundance at two growth stages in rice (tillering, TI and heading, HI). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that eN had no obvious effect on abundance in rice roots under either ambient CO (aCO) or eCO treatment at the TI stage; in contrast, at the HI, copy numbers were increased under eCO and decreased under aCO.

Large losses of ammonium-nitrogen from a rice ecosystem under elevated CO.

Inputs of nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems, mainly via the use of ammonium-based fertilizers in agroecosystems, are enormous, but the fate of this nitrogen under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) is not well understood. We have taken advantage of a 15-year free-air CO enrichment study to investigate the influence of elevated CO on the transformation of ammonium-nitrogen in a rice ecosystem in which ammonium is usually assumed to be stable under anaerobic conditions. We demonstrate that elevated CO causes substantial losses of ammonium-nitrogen that result from anaerobic oxidation of ammonium coupled to reduction of iron.

Effects of Decabromodiphenyl Ether and Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

We assessed the effects of carbon dioxide (CO) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209, 0, 3 and 30 mg/kg) on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Wuyunjing) in field free-air CO enrichment system.

Elevated CO improved soil nitrogen mineralization capacity of rice paddy.

Elevated CO would increase rice yields and may lead to nitrogen limitation and potentially influence the sustainability of agricultural production. Blindly increasing the amount of chemical fertilizer will damage the environment and is very unwise. Therefore, clarifying the response of soil nitrogen mineralization capacity to elevated CO is critical for both sustainable agriculture production and environmental protection.

Plant-mediated effects of elevated CO and rice cultivars on soil carbon dynamics in a paddy soil.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration under elevated CO concentration (eCO ) is a function of carbon (C) input and C retention. Nitrogen (N) limitation in natural ecosystems can constrain plant responses to eCO and their subsequent effects on SOC, but the effect of eCO on SOC in N-enriched agroecosystems with cultivars highly responsive to eCO is largely unknown. We reported results of SOC dynamics from a field free-air CO enrichment experiment with two rice cultivars having distinct photosynthetic capacities under eCO .

The potential role of sucrose transport gene expression in the photosynthetic and yield response of rice cultivars to future CO concentration.

The metabolic basis for observed differences in the yield response of rice to projected carbon dioxide concentrations (CO ) is unclear. In this study, three rice cultivars, differing in their yield response to elevated CO , were grown under ambient and elevated CO conditions, using the free-air CO enrichment technology. Flag leaves of rice were used to determine (1) if manipulative increases in sink strength decreased the soluble sucrose concentration for the 'weak' responders and (2), whether the genetic expression of sucrose transporters OsSUT1 and OsSUT2 was associated with an accumulation of soluble sugars and the maintenance of photosynthetic capacity.