Association Between Glycated Hemoglobin and the Lipid Profile at the Central Yunnan Plateau: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Dyslipidemia commonly complicates type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin and blood lipid levels remains uncertain.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 27,158 participants from the People's Hospital of Yuxi. Statistical comparisons for continuous variables utilized analysis of variance (ANOVA), while chi-square analysis was employed for categorical variables.

Comparative Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical, and Gene Expressional Analyses Uncover Mechanisms of Waterlogging Tolerance in Two Soybean Introgression Lines.

Waterlogging is one of the key abiotic factors that severely impedes the growth and productivity of soybeans on a global scale. To develop soybean cultivars that are tolerant to waterlogging, it is a prerequisite to unravel the mechanisms governing soybean responses to waterlogging. Hence, we explored the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional changes in two contrasting soybean introgression lines, A192 (waterlogging tolerant, WT) and A186 (waterlogging sensitive, WS), under waterlogging.

Roflupram alleviates autophagy defects and reduces mutant hSOD1-induced motor neuron damage in cell and mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and incurable disease involving motor neuron (MN) degeneration and is characterized by ongoing myasthenia and amyotrophia in adults. Most ALS patients die of respiratory muscle paralysis after an average of 3-5 years. Defective autophagy in MNs is considered an important trigger of ALS pathogenesis.

Soluble humic acid suppresses plant immunity and ethylene to promote soybean nodulation.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is a crucial process for nitrogen geochemical cycling and plant-microbe interactions. Water-soluble humic acid (WSHM), an active component of soil humus, has been shown to promote SNF in the legume-rhizobial symbiosis, but its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. To reveal the SNF-promoting mechanism, we conducted transcriptomic analysis on soybean treated with WSHM.

Dopamine alters phage morphology to exert an anti-infection effect.

Antiviral drug development is important for human health, and the emergence of novel COVID-19 variants has seriously affected human lives and safety. A bacteriophage-a bacterial virus with a small and simple structure-is an ideal experimental candidate for studying the interactions between viruses and their hosts. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of catecholamines on phages were explored, and dopamine (DA) was found to have general and efficient anti-infection effects.

Researches of calcium-activated chloride channel ANO1 intervening amyotrophic lateral sclerosis progression by activating EGFR and CaMKII signaling.

Background: ANO1 is closely correlated with the activation of EGFR and CaMKII, while EGFR and CaMKII show low activation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) models. Therefore, we designed experiments to verify that ANO1 may play a protective role on motor neurons in ALS by activating EGFR and CaMKII.

Methods: The expression changes of ANO1, EGFR, CaMKII, pEGFR, and pCaMKII, cell survival status, and apoptosis were studied by western blot, real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, CCK-8, and flow cytometry.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the effects of capsaicin in the treatment of sepsis-induced liver injury.

Sepsis is a difficult-to-treat systemic condition in which liver dysfunction acts as both regulator and target. However, the dynamic response of diverse intrahepatic cells to sepsis remains poorly characterized. Capsaicin (CAP), a multifunctional chemical derived from , has recently been shown to potentially possess anti-inflammatory effects, which is also one of the main approaches for drug discovery against sepsis.

Advances in the Study of the Transcriptional Regulation Mechanism of Plant miRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of endogenous, non-coding, small RNAs with about 22 nucleotides (nt), that are widespread in plants and are involved in various biological processes, such as development, flowering phase transition, hormone signal transduction, and stress response. The transcriptional regulation of miRNAs is an important process of miRNA gene regulation, and it is essential for miRNA biosynthesis and function. Like mRNAs, miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and these transcription processes are regulated by various transcription factors and other proteins.

Structural basis of protein condensation on microtubules underlying branching microtubule nucleation.

Targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) is a key factor that stimulates branching microtubule nucleation during cell division. Upon binding to microtubules (MTs), TPX2 forms condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation, which facilitates recruitment of microtubule nucleation factors and tubulin. We report the structure of the TPX2 C-terminal minimal active domain (TPX2) on the microtubule lattice determined by magic-angle-spinning NMR.

Multi-flexible integrated scheduling algorithm for multi-flexible integrated scheduling problem with setup times.

To address the multi-flexible integrated scheduling problem with setup times, a multi-flexible integrated scheduling algorithm is put forward. First, the operation optimization allocation strategy, based on the principle of the relatively long subsequent path, is proposed to assign the operations to idle machines. Second, the parallel optimization strategy is proposed to adjust the scheduling of the planned operations and machines to make the processing as parallel as possible and reduce the no-load machines.

Ranking mAb-excipient interactions in biologics formulations by NMR spectroscopy and computational approaches.

Excipients are added to biopharmaceutical formulations to enhance protein stability and enable the development of robust formulations with acceptable physicochemical properties, but the mechanism by which they confer stability is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism through direct experimental evidence of the binding affinity of an excipient to a monoclonal antibody (mAb), using saturation transfer difference (STD) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic method. We ranked a series of excipients with respect to their dissociation constant (K) and nonspecific binding constants (N).

LINP1 represses unfolded protein response by directly inhibiting eIF2α phosphorylation to promote cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) may destroy endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis (ER homeostasis) and leads to programmable cell death. Unfolded protein response (UPR) originally stimulated by ER stress is critical for the survival of tumor cells through trying to re-establish ER homeostasis as an adaption to harsh microenvironment. However, mechanisms involving key regulators in modulating UPR remain underexplored.

Unraveling the Diverse Roles of Neglected Genes Containing Domains of Unknown Function (DUFs): Progress and Perspective.

Domain of unknown function (DUF) is a general term for many uncharacterized domains with two distinct features: relatively conservative amino acid sequence and unknown function of the domain. In the Pfam 35.0 database, 4795 (24%) gene families belong to the DUF type, yet, their functions remain to be explored.

Resveratrol rescues cutaneous radiation-induced DNA damage via a novel AMPK/SIRT7/HMGB1 regulatory axis.

Cutaneous radiation injury (CRI) interrupts the scheduled process of radiotherapy and even compromises the life quality of patients. However, the current clinical options for alleviating CRI are relatively limited. Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to be a promising protective agent against CRI; yet the mechanisms of RSV enhancing radioresistance were not fully elucidated and limited its clinical application.

SPY1 inhibits neuronal ferroptosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by reducing lipid peroxidation through regulation of GCH1 and TFR1.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death with the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and dysfunction of antioxidant systems. As the critical regulator, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) has been demonstrated to be down-regulated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the mechanism of ferroptosis in ALS remains unclear.

Development and validation of four ferroptosis-related gene signatures and their correlations with immune implication in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. This tumor presents with an insidious onset, rapid progression, and frequent recurrence. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mode of programmed cell death that may play a key role in the progression of HCC.

Seed Germination Behavior, Growth, Physiology and Antioxidant Metabolism of Four Contrasting Cultivars under Combined Drought and Salinity in Soybean.

Drought and salinity stresses are persistent threat to field crops and are frequently mentioned as major constraints on worldwide agricultural productivity. Moreover, their severity and frequency are predicted to rise in the near future. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought (5, 10 and 15% polyethylene glycol, PEG-6000), salinity (50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl), and their combination, particularly at the seed germination stage, in terms of photosynthesis and antioxidant activity, in four soybean cultivars, viz.

Room temperature fabrication of magnetic covalent organic frameworks for analyzing sulfonamide residues in animal-derived foods.

A magnetic solid phase extraction method based on magnetic covalent organic frameworks (TpBD@Fe O ; 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and benzidine (BD)) combined with high performance liquid chromatography has been developed to detect the sulfonamides including sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfamethoxazole in milk and meat. TpBD@Fe O were synthesized at room temperature under mild reaction conditions with a simple and rapid operation. The TpBD@Fe O exhibited higher extraction efficiency because of the π-π and electrostatic interactions between the benzene ring structure of the TpBD and the sulfonamide molecules.

Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis Identifies as a Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Gene expression and DNA methylation analyses have long been used to identify cancer markers. However, a combination analysis of the gene expression and DNA methylation has yet to be performed to identify potential biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: By matching gene expression profiles and promoter methylation data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), genes with discrepant expression as well as genes with differential promoter methylation were identified.

Genome-wide association study uncovers major genetic loci associated with seed flooding tolerance in soybean.

Background: Seed flooding stress is one of the threatening environmental stressors that adversely limits soybean at the germination stage across the globe. The knowledge on the genetic basis underlying seed-flooding tolerance is limited. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 34,718 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in a panel of 243 worldwide soybean collections to identify genetic loci linked to soybean seed flooding tolerance at the germination stage.

Synthesis of carbon dots with antiphage activity using caffeic acid.

Recent studies on preservation properties in the field of materials science suggest that a newly synthesized material can retain the biological properties of the raw material. Still, further study is necessary since these features critically influence research at the intersection of materials science and biology, and could provide a unique research direction for the synthesis of new materials. Thus, caffeic acid (CA) is used as a raw material to synthesize novel carbon quantum dots (CA-CDs) using a simple and rapid hydrothermal method.

An overview on the biological activity and anti-cancer mechanism of lovastatin.

Lovastatin, a secondary metabolite isolated from fungi, is often used as a representative drug to reduce blood lipid concentration and treat hypercholesterolemia. Its structure is similar to that of HMG-CoA. Lovastatin inhibits the binding of the substrate to HMG-CoA reductase, and strongly competes with HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), thereby exerting a hypolipidemic effect.