An Improved Seeker Optimization Algorithm for Phase Sensitivity Enhancement of a Franckeite- and WS-Based SPR Biosensor for Waterborne Bacteria Detection.

For the purpose of detecting waterborne bacteria, a high-phase-sensitivity SPR sensor with an Ag-TiO-Franckeite-WS hybrid structure is designed using an improved seeker optimization algorithm (ISOA). By optimizing each layer of sensor construction simultaneously, the ISOA guarantees a minimum reflectance of less than 0.01 by Ag (20.