Oleic acid attenuates asthma pathogenesis via Th1/Th2 immune cell modulation, TLR3/4-NF-κB-related inflammation suppression, and intrinsic apoptotic pathway induction.

WHO reported that asthma was responsible for 455,000 deaths in 2019 and asthma patients was evaluated 262 million in May 2023. The incidence is expected to increase as the average life expectancy increases, highlighting asthma as a significant health challenge in an aging society. The etiology of asthma is linked to an imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cells, respiratory inflammation, and pulmonary cell proliferation.

Oxidative and carbonyl stress induced AMD and Codonopsis lanceolata ameliorates AMD via controlling oxidative and carbonyl stress.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness. AMD is currently incurable; the best solution is to prevent its occurrence. To develop drugs for AMD, it is crucial to have a model system that mimics the symptoms and mechanisms in patients.

Reconstruction of Segmental Bone Defect in Canine Tibia Model Utilizing Bi-Phasic Scaffold: Pilot Study.

The reunion and restoration of large segmental bone defects pose significant clinical challenges. Conventional strategies primarily involve the combination of bone scaffolds with seeded cells and/or growth factors to regulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, these therapies face inherent issues related to immunogenicity, tumorigenesis, bioactivity, and off-the-shelf transplantation.

Ginseng Berry Juice (GBJ) Regulates the Inflammation in Acute Ulcerative Mouse Models and the Major Bioactive Substances Are Ginsenosides Rb3, Rc, Rd, and Re.

fruit is known to have various biological effects owing to its large amount of saponins such as ginsenosides. In the present study, ginseng berry juice was confirmed to be effective against acute inflammation. Ginseng berry juice was used for analysis of active constituents, antioxidant efficacy, and inflammation.

Gintonin Alleviates HCl/Ethanol- and Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice.

Gintonin, newly extracted from ginseng, is a glycoprotein that acts as an exogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo preventive effects of gintonin on gastric damage. ICR mice were randomly assigned to five groups: a normal group (received saline, 0.

Drug Development from Natural Products Based on the Pathogenic Mechanism of Asthma.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pulmonary system associated with many wheeze-to-sleep apnea complications that may lead to death. In 2019, approximately 262 million patients suffered from asthma, and 455 thousand died from the disease worldwide. It is a more severe health problem in children and older adults, and as the aging of society intensifies, the problem will continue to worsen.

Therapeutic treatments for diabetes mellitus-induced liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that affects all systems in the body, including the liver. Numerous studies have reported that chronic DM etiology and pathogenesis complications implicate oxidative stress, generating reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions and free radicals. In addition, pro-inflammatory reactions are also underlying functions closely related to oxidative stress that further exacerbate pathological DM states.

Chlorogenic acid attenuates pro-inflammatory response in the blood of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Background: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been shown to reduce pro-inflammation by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of CGA was expanded to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The inter-relationships among oxidative stress, pro-inflammation, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A enzymes were also investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of STZ-diabetic rats.

Albumin infusion ameliorates liver injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

We investigated the effect of an albumin infusion on the enzyme activity, expression level of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and oxidative stress in the serum and liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The STZ treatment enhanced the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in the rat serum compared with those in the untreated rats. Treatment with STZ elevated the expression and catalytic activity of CYP2E1, and the oxidative stress, and decreased the reducing potentials in the liver, suggesting the possibility of diabetes-induced liver injury.

A Safety Test for Ocular Phototoxicity in the Rabbit After Short-term Exposure to Strong Light.

Background/aim: Self-defense products that use high-intensity light are being developed. The intense light generated by the high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of such self-defense products causes temporary blindness. However, few studies have been conducted on the visual safety of their devices.

Multiple Porous Synthetic Bone Graft Comprising EngineeredMicro-Channel for Drug Carrier and Bone Regeneration.

Due to high demand but limited supply, there has been an increase in the need to replace autologous bone grafts with alternatives that fulfill osteogenic requirements. In this study, two different types of bone grafts were tested for their drug carrying abilities along with their osteogenic properties. Two different types of alendronate-loaded bone grafts, Bio-Oss (bovine bone graft) and InRoad (biphasic synthetic bone graft) were observed to see how different concentrations of alendronate would affect the sustained release to enhance osteogenesis.

Korean Red Ginseng affects ovalbumin-induced asthma by modulating IL-12, IL-4, and IL-6 levels and the NF-κB/COX-2 and PGE pathways.

Background: Asthma is an incurable hyper-responsive disease of the pulmonary system that is caused by various allergens, including indoor and outdoor stimulators. According to the Global Asthma Network, 339 million people suffered from asthma in 2018, with particularly severe forms in children. Numerous treatments for asthma are available; however, they are frequently associated with adverse effects such as growth retardation, neurological disorders (e.

Protective effects of Erythronium japonicum and Corylopsis coreana Uyeki extracts against 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Erythronium japonicum (E. japonicum) and Corylopsis coreana Uyeki (C. coreana Uyeki, Korean winter hazel) have been shown to significantly decrease 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and CYP2E1 activity in HuH7, human hepatocytes.

Respiratory and Systemic Toxicity of Inhaled Artificial Asian Sand Dust in Pigs.

Air pollution, particularly caused by Asian sand dust (ASD) and particulate matter (PM), has become one of the leading threats to public health. However, the majority of studies have primarily focused on epidemiological assessment, and in vivo toxicities of certain air pollutants have been poorly elucidated in medium/large-size laboratory animals. To investigate the impact of ASD in domestic animals, 16 Landrace pigs were exposed to an artificial ASD sandstorm for 6 h.

Korean Red Ginseng alleviates dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats via its antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities.

Background: Beneficial effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear.

Methods: We examined whether pretreatment (daily from 2 hours before PCOS induction) with KRG extract in water (KRGE; 75 and 150 mg/kg/day, p.o.

Herbal Medication, Macmoondong Decoction, Attenuates LPS-Induced COPD in Small Airways via TGF-, CCL-2, and CXCL1.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable disease related to the respiratory system. A 2017 report by the World Health Organization stated that it was the third most common cause of death in 2015. Macmoondong decoction is a prescription that has been used widely in Korea for the treatment of respiratory diseases, but there have been few investigations into the therapeutic mechanism.

Successful Clinical Application of Cancellous Allografts With Structural Support for Failed Bone Fracture Healing in Dogs.

Background/aim: In Korea, small breed dogs including Maltese, Pomeranians, and Yorkshire Terriers are most common. These small dogs are at increased risk for the development of delayed union or nonunion fractures, particularly when the fracture occurs at a site with insufficient surrounded soft tissue such as the ulna and radius. To treat failed bone fracture healing, stable fixation of the fracture and implantation of bone grafts are needed.

Effects of Harvest Time on Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Berry Extracts.

Ginseng () has long been used as a traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Generally, the harvest time and age of ginseng have been regarded as important factors determining the efficacy of ginseng. However, most studies have mainly focused on the root of ginseng, while studies on other parts of ginseng such as its berry have been relatively limited.

Allium hookeri root extract regulates asthmatic changes through immunological modulation of Th1/Th2‑related factors in an ovalbumin‑induced asthma mouse model.

In 2013, WHO estimated that approximately 235 million people suffered from asthma worldwide. Asthma is a hyper responsive disorder, which is related to an imbalance between the T‑helper type 1 and 2 cells (henceforth, Th1 and Th2, respectively). Allium hookeri is a plant that is widely used for culinary purposes and also in traditional Asian medicine.

In vivo hydroxyapatite scaffold performance in infected bone defects.

Critically sized bone defects are often compounded by infectious complications. The standard of care consists of bone autografts with systemic antibiotics. These injuries and treatments lead to donor site morbidity, antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria, and often end stage amputation.